從《論語》看孔子處世智慧與管理思維

Confucius' Wisdom and Management Thinking from the Analects

柯岳君(Ko,Yueh-chun)

《通識教育與多元文化學報》 9期 (2020/12) Pp. 5-21

摘要

《論語》是儒家重要經典，宋代趙普謂半部《論語》治天下，是必存有修身治國，內聖外王的管理思維。本文試就《論語》推求孔子的處世智慧與管理思維，實源自周代德治思想與民本理念。孔子的處世智慧，歸納為五項。一、要知禮守分、自制自律。躬自厚而薄責於人；言忠信，行篤敬。二、明辨義利擇善而行。指出過猶不及，凡事不偏，依從義理。三、無道之世要低調謙遜。維持「危行言孫」的身段。四、對孤苦弱勢者悲憫同情。發揚仁心仁道精神。五、以誠信待人並保持美感距離。對方有過，「忠告而善道之，不能則止」；工作上「不在其位，不謀其政。」。推求孔子的管理思維：其一、管理目的在安民；要舉賢才，齊之以禮。其二、提倡品德領導；其身正不令而行，有分歧則「齊之以禮」，協調和諧。其三、要具備觀察與考驗的管理模式；「觀其所由，察其所安」。其四、在策略管理上要有前瞻思維；效法堯舜「無為而治」，分層授權，降低干預。

關鍵字

《論語》 ； 孔子 ； 處世 ； 管理

並列摘要

＂The Analects of Confucius＂ is an important classic of Confucianism. In the Song Dynasty, Zhao Pu said that half of the ＂The Analects of Confucius＂ governed the world. It must have the management thinking of self-cultivation and governing the country. This article attempts to deduce Confucius' wisdom of life and management thinking in The Analects, which actually comes from the thought of rule of virtue and people-oriented concept from Zhou Dynasty. Confucius' wisdom of life can be summarized into five items. For example, we must know etiquette, choose good deeds, keep a low profile, carry forward the spirit of benevolence, and treat people with integrity.For details, please refer to the Chinese version. The management thinking of Confucius can be divided into four items. For example, the purpose of management is to stabilize the people, to promote moral leadership, to observe and evaluate, and to think ahead.

並列關鍵字

The Analects ； Confucius ； Dealing ； Management