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積木建構遊戲的歷史演進及其對幼兒教育之影響

A Study of the Blockbuilding Play in Its Historical Development and Influence on Early Childhood Education

摘要


本文旨在探究建構性積木遊戲於幼兒教育的發展,以及兩者間的依憑關係。本研究採擷歷史研究法,以梳理積木建構遊戲的演變脈絡;藉助文獻調查法及語意分析法,深入窺探倡導、利用積木作為教材的幼教先驅們之重要思想,最後得以演繹、形敘積木遊戲對於幼兒教育的原貌。研究結果發現,積木遊戲在幼兒教育現場的使用,從1692年洛克的字母積木開始,再到福祿貝爾的恩物、柯南道爾的積木系統、雷徹特的建築磚塊積木、蒙特梭利的感官教具積木,以及普拉特的單位積木系統,距今已有百年以上的歷史;目前在幼教現場,仍廣泛的流傳推展,樂高積木即為此一重要代表。幼兒隨著年齡的增長,認知的發展與建造積木的技能與日俱增,所堆疊積木的結構形式愈形分立與複雜,圖樣的變化多樣化了起來,顯見積木建構具有學術理論的基礎與發展的階段性特質。而積木建構遊戲,除了在性別上,男女幼兒之間有不同的喜好與差異外,其亦能促進肢體動作、社會技能、認知、語言、藝術、創造等能力的發展,教師可以藉由積木的運用,融入於幼兒課程與教學之中。另外,從福祿貝爾(Friedrick Froebel, 1782-1852)、蒙特梭利(Maria Montessori, 1870-1952)到普拉特(Caroline Pratt, 1867-1954),這些西方幼兒教育思想巨擘及實踐家,藉由精心設計過的積木,作為幼兒教學的教具,不但肯定積木對於兒童發展上的功能與地位,更樹立偉大的典範,傳承積木遊戲,足供後人景仰、借鏡及教育下一代之用。

並列摘要


The main purpose of this study was to investigate the historical track of blockbuilding employed in early childhood education. Historical research, literature survey, and semantic analysis approach were used to gather the data on related documents. From the beginning of Locke Alphabet Blocks in 1692, to Froebel's Gifts, Crandall Block System, Ritchter Building Bricks, Montessori’s Materials, and Pratt's Unit Block System, all of them were the educationally valuable blocks used as teachers' instructional materials to enhance children's physical development, mathematics, science, social studies, social-emotional, language, and arts. Above all, Froebel's, Montessori's, and Pratt's block system, were very meaningful and helpful for young children to learn from past to future.

並列關鍵字

constructive play blockbuilding Froebel Montessori Pratt

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