繪本的生態書寫﹕以《春神跳舞的森林》為例

An Ecocritical Analysis on Picture Book ＂A Forest Where the Spring Goddess Is Dancing＂

黃美滿(Huang, Mei-Man)

《人文社會電子學報》 17卷2期 (2021/09) Pp. 57-70

摘要

繪本是兒童文學中結合圖文的一種文類，其特性是圖文共構，利用簡潔的文字與蘊含寓意的視覺符碼，讓識字有限的幼兒讀者也能享受閱讀。生態這個名詞出現於十九世紀末，本文以生態批評（ecocriticism）的觀點來評析曾獲得波隆納國際兒童插畫展入選的繪本作品《春神跳舞的森林》，所彰顯人與環境之間的倫理關係，藉此探討繪本的生態書寫。《春神跳舞的森林》以1999年九二一大地震衝擊後阿里山的山林為場景，敘說一位鄒族孩童，帶著祖母珍藏的遺物，一片象徵故鄉的阿里山櫻花瓣，踏上返鄉尋根的旅程，並藉由這片櫻花瓣，召喚出櫻花精靈來喚醒春神，解救了山林被破壞的物理環境，圖文除了展現鄒族的神話傳說與象徵性的圖騰，也帶出生態關懷與承先啟後的意象。細膩的圖畫敘事藝術引領讀者進入自然山林和鄒族文化，以櫻花作為大地回春的自然表現，也隱含著原民文化復甦的象徵，視覺所鋪陳的文化符碼，讀者需細讀才能掌握其中深層的含意。意識概念上,孩童被賦予拯救和承先啟後的角色，似乎落入約定俗成的一種烏托邦想像。然而，在地球環境日益惡化的今日，環境議題一直是社會關切的焦點，兒童透過閱讀，從中感受環境倫理，進而省思人與環境的關係，有利激發其參與護生行動的意志。

關鍵字

生態批評 ； 繪本 ； 鄒族 ； 阿里山

並列摘要

Picture books are a genre that integrates words and pictures and the meaning construction relaying on the interaction between these two components has become its characteristic. Normally, picture books contain concise words and visual codes conveying implication, which allow young readers with limited literacy to enjoy reading. From the view of ecocriticism, ＂A Forest Where the Spring Goddess Is Dancing,＂ a picture book once entering the Bologna Illustrators Exhibition, delivers a deep humanistic care for the physical environment in which human beings are living. This paper will analyze the ethical relationships between human and environment in this book. The setting of the story is located at the mountain environment of Alishan (or Ali Mountain) after the huge impact by the 9-21 Earthquake in 1999. The story is about a child of the Tso descent went on a journey in search of roots with a remaining treasure left by his grandmother, which was a cherry bloomsome petal representing her hometown in Alishan. He used this petal to call out cherry bloomsome fairies and then they woke up the spring goddess who was able to save the physical environment damaged by the earlier disaster. Both words and pictures not only display the Tsou's myths, legends, and totems, but also indicate the ecological care and the implication of carrying on the past heritage and opening up the future. This book leads the reader into the mountain and the Tsou culture through an exquisite visual representation. Cherry bloomsome symbolizes the natural circle of spring returning to the earth and it also implies the revival of the Tsou culture. The cultural codes embedded in the visuals require a closed reading, so the reader can comprehend the implied meanings. In terms of consciousness, the child character is given the role of being a saver and responsibility bearer. This seems to be a conventional utopian imagination. However, when earth's environment is getting worse nowadays and environmental issues have been the focus of the society, children can still benefit from reading this book. It helps them to make sense of the environmental ethics and reflect on the relationship between human and environment. As a result, this may lead them to participate in the action for environment protection.

並列關鍵字

ecocriticism ； picture book ； Alishan ； the Tsou