大麻犯罪黑數及查緝困境之研究

Dark Figure of Marijuana Use and Difficulties for Investigation

林鴻智(Hung-Chih Lin) ； 楊士隆(Shu-Lung Yang) ； 曾淑萍(Shu-Ping Tzeng) ； 許俊龍(Chun-Lung Hsu)

《藥物濫用防治》 6卷2期 (2021/06) Pp. 15-35

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.202106_6(2).2

摘要

聯合國毒品與犯罪問題辦公室（UNODC, 2020）指出2018年全球使用大麻人數為1.92億人，隨著國外娛樂性大麻政策的逐步開放，網路資訊發達的推波助瀾之下，年輕人對於大麻的認知與觀念，已經不可同日而語了。我國大麻犯罪從歷年查獲人數與查獲量，兩者在實際上有著極大不相符的落差，推斷在我國的查緝現況下，對於大麻的使用人數上依然有極大犯罪黑數未被發覺。本研究針對關於大麻之犯罪黑數成因及查緝窒礙問題，邀請第一線緝毒專家（海巡署查緝隊、警察等）進行焦點團體，藉此檢視我國目前大麻查緝的現況與困境。並援引楊士隆等（2019），執行「大麻查獲量增加與大麻施用黑數產生原因之分析及防制對策」研究計畫，其中五位大麻種植、販賣、使用者質性訪談資料，與焦點座談內容及研究者觀點進行三角檢驗。研究結果發現，近年大麻濫用之增加主要受到國外大麻合法化影響及網路資訊發達的結果。大麻犯罪黑數的可能成因為：1.大麻使用族群特殊，若未混用其他毒品，不易被警方查緝到案。2.大麻犯罪案件較難向上溯源。3.大麻外觀及使用特性，查緝者辨識不易。4.大麻藥理成癮性低，使用者需求不像其他成癮性高之毒品。5.大麻交易管道封閉，不易被查獲。6.網路交易方式，警方難以追查。另研究發現查緝困境主要包括：1.大麻不易辨識、方便藏匿，導致查緝不易。2.大麻使用者外表、行為、生活型態，異於其他毒品使用族群，造成警方查緝上困難。3.國外走私種子入台，在關口難以有效攔截。4.使用網路平臺聯繫交易，查緝人員難以追查。5.販售管道封閉，查獲後難以向上溯源。有關減少大麻犯罪黑數及查緝困境之建議，在文內有詳細之陳述與說明。

關鍵字

毒品 ； 大麻 ； 犯罪黑數 ； 查緝

並列摘要

UNODC(2020) indicated that the number of marijuana users worldwide in 2018 was 192 millions. With the policy of recreational marijuana use around the world being opened gradually and the development of internet information, the recognition and attitudes of marijuana use among young generation are no longer the same. In Taiwan, there has been some discrepancy between the quantity of seized marijuana and the number of arrested marijuana users over the years. Therefore, with the current situation of marijuana seizure, it is possible that there is still a huge dark figure of marijuana users not being found. Deriving from the research project ＂The Analysis of Causes of Increased Cannabis Seizures and Dark Numbers of Marijuana and the Control Measures＂, which was carried out by Dr. Shu-Lung Yang and committed by Taiwan High Prosecutors Office in 2019, focused group interviews were held with the first line anti-drug experts (OAC, Police) to discuss the possible causes of the dark figure of marijuana use and the difficulties of seizing marijuana. Moreover, the qualitative interviews of five inmates with marijuana-related offenses were included in this study as well. The study finds that the trend of marijuana abuse has been increased in Taiwan in recent years, which is mainly affected by the legalization of marijuana use in foreign countries and the development of internet information technology. The possible causes of the dark figure of marijuana-related offenses include: 1. Marijuana users are particular groups. They are difficult to be found if they do not use marijuana with other drugs. 2. It is difficult to trace up where the marijuana cases originated from. 3. It is challenging for investigators to recognize marijuana because of its appearance and characteristics of using. 4. Compared to other drugs, marijuana users have a lower demand for marijuana because marijuana is less addictive than other drugs. 5. The transaction channel of marijuana is relatively closed. 6. It is difficult for the police to trace online transaction of marijuana. The dilemmas of marijuana investigation mainly include: 1.Marijuana is not easy to identify and convenient to hide, which makes it difficult to detect and seize marijuana. 2. The appearance, behavior, and lifestyle of marijuana users are different from other drug users, making it difficult for the police to find out. 3. Seeds smuggled from abroad into Taiwan are difficult to effectively intercept at the customs. 4. Use the online platform to contact the transaction, which is difficult to trace. 5. The sales pipeline is closed, and it is difficult to trace back to the source after being seized. The efforts for reducing the dark figure of marijuana use and improvements for investigation are further discussed in the study.

並列關鍵字

Drug ； Marijuana ； Dark Figure ； Investigation