以施用者視角檢視藥物濫用預防宣導作為

Examining Illegal drug use Prevention Propaganda from the Perspective of Users

楊士隆(Shu-Lung Yang) ； 曾淑萍(Shu-Ping Tzeng) ； 吳耘嫚(Yun-Man Wu) ； 楊伃諠(Yu-Xuan Yang) ； 曾致嘉(Chih-Chia Tseng)

《藥物濫用防治》 6卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-35

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.202112_6(4).1

摘要

2019年全球毒品施用人口已高達2.75億人，無論是從使用總量抑或是從世界人口使用比例來看，皆呈現持續上升的趨勢。考量青少年是國家發展之根本，其藥物濫用問題更是不容忽視。然現行藥物濫用防制策略多以成年人視角來規劃，雖策略已達一定成效，但尚缺乏了解青少年之需求，恐怕無法引起其學習動機。據此，本研究旨在探討青少年藥物濫用預防宣導方案之效能，並補足過往研究缺失，將青少年分為一般青少年與施用毒品青少年，以其視角探究對相關宣導之看法，並進一步提供相關精進建議，以供方案改善及訂定之參考。本研究採取半結構式深度訪談，以立意抽樣之方式，於2021年7-9月間對台灣北部、中部、南部、嘉義地區分別抽取曾施用新興毒品青少年與一般青少年各八名，共計十六名，透過青少年視角來檢視現行藥物濫用預防宣導方案之執行成效。本研究發現青少年對藥物濫用已達一定程度之認識，曾施用新興毒品青少年藥物濫用認識主要來自親身經驗。對藥物濫用危害之認識，比起曾施用新興毒品青少年，一般青少年更指出藥物濫用對社會環境的危害。對相關宣導方案之認識，訓育活動類型宣導僅有一般青少年曾參與，並認為該宣導有助於青少年主動學習；傳統標語類型宣導僅能嚇阻一般青少年，而曾施用新興毒品青少年依據自身用藥情況認為其與宣導所述不相符，故無嚇阻效果；青少年皆認為反毒微電影具有吸引力使其主動點閱瀏覽；學校宣導仍以講座形式為主，對曾施用新興毒品青少年效果是有限的，而青少年皆表示有獎徵答有助於投入講座。依據上述研究結果，針對現行藥物濫用預防宣導方案提供以下建議：（一）提高對青少年之吸引力；（二）增進藥物濫用預防宣導之說服力；（三）宣導亦應加強正向友誼之意涵；（四）增加嚇阻成效；（五）各級學校防制學生藥物濫用之措施應將曾施用毒品之高風險學生與一般學生分開宣導，以達分眾宣傳之成效。

關鍵字

新興毒品 ； 藥物濫用預防宣導 ； 施用者視角 ； 青少年

並列摘要

In 2019, it was estimated that the population of drug users worldwide reached 275 million. Regardless of whether it is in terms of the total amount of users or the proportion of global population, it is showing a continuous upward trend. Considering the teenage is the foundation of a country's development, the issue of their illegal drug use deserves serious attention. However, current illegal drug use prevention strategies are mostly planned from the perspective of adults. Although these strategies have reached certain success of effectiveness, they lack an understanding of the needs of adolescents and are not able to motivate adolescents to learn. Therefore, this research aims to examine the effectiveness of juvenile illegal drug use prevention propaganda, and to compensate the missing parts of prior research. Furthermore, this study distinguishes juvenile population into ordinary adolescents and drug-using juveniles, and investigates their opinions on related propaganda and then provides suggestions for program design and improvement. This study adopted semi-structural in-depth interviews, with the method of purposive sampling. From July to September 2021, eight juveniles with a history of using NPS and eight ordinary juveniles respectively were sampled from Chiayi, and the northern, central, and southern regions of Taiwan to examine the effectiveness of current illegal drug use prevention propaganda from the perspective of teenagers. This study found that ordinary juveniles have a certain level of knowledge of illegal drug use, and the NPS using juveniles obtained drug related knowledge from their own personal experiences. Compared to the NPS using juveniles, the ordinary juveniles further pointed out the harm and danger of illegal drug use to the society. As for the awareness of illegal drug use prevention propaganda, only ordinary juveniles participated in the publicity of cultural activities, and they believed that such activities could help their active learning. Traditional slogan type of propaganda could only deter ordinary juveniles, while the NPS using juveniles believed that such publicity did not match their own drug using experience and lacked deterrent effect. Both ordinary and NPS using juveniles said that anti-drug micro-films were attractive and made them actively click and browse. Further, school's propaganda was still in the form of lecture, and they had very limited impact upon the NPS using juveniles. Also, the interviewed juveniles indicated that the rewarded quizzes were beneficial to motivate them participating in the lecture. Based on the aforementioned findings, this study further provides the following suggestions towards the current illegal drug use prevention propaganda: (1) To increase the attractiveness to the adolescents the appealing factor to juveniles; (2) To enhance the persuasiveness of illegal drug use prevention advocacy; (3) The propaganda should also strength the meaning of positive friendship; (4) To increase the effectiveness of deterrence; and (5) The measures to prevent illegal drug use in schools at all levels should separate high-risk students from ordinary students in order to achieve the effect of targeted publicity.

並列關鍵字

NPS (New Psychoactive Substances) ； illegal drug use prevention propaganda ； user's perspective ； juvenile