民間文學在社區營造下的角色－吉貝耍部落和土溝美術村的故事

Folklore and the Making of Community Redevelopment: The Cases of Kamasua and Togo

蔡蕙如(Tsai Hui-Ju)

《臺陽文史研究》 3期 (2018/01) Pp. 1-38

摘要

目前在社區裡一些傳承人所講述的故事，除了傳承已久的歷史典故、口傳文學外，一些「新」故事，正逐漸成形。這些具有時代性和空間性的新故事形成一種新民間文學。尤其講述者的年齡差異，所講述的內容是傳統的老故事，還是新故事，似乎有其脈絡可尋。不同的空間元素，成了滋養故事的養分。於是故事可以讓一個舊社區再生、營造出一個新社區文化；同理，社區的再造也促使新故事不斷產生。這種「社區衍生故事」、「故事再造社區」的新現象，在民間文學發展上是值得關注的。本文以東山吉貝耍部落社區、臺南後壁土溝村為例，從界定「新故事」在口傳文學發展下的定位著手。再以「傳承（講述）者與聽者、文本及情境的互動」為立論，探究傳講故事與社區文化的相關性。並透過時間、空間、族群的對照比較，來探析故事在「城鄉差距」及「族群特色」的社區文化下，所形成的脈絡及傳承作用，以建構出具有的時代性、空間性及在地性的民間文學觀點體系。

關鍵字

民間文學 ； 新故事 ； 社區文化 ； 傳承者 ； 情境

並列摘要

The paper is to discuss the interaction between stories and communities, and formation and context of creative cultural community about ＂New Story＂. This paper took Tougou village, Kamasua tribe as the researched field, to interview the cultural creator of the communities, to investigate and collect the new stories. First, in the research aspects, we define ＂new story＂ of property and its location in the development of oral literature. Second, we have the reality investigation and follow ＂inheritance about speaker and listener, the interaction between text and circumstances＂ as arguments. Next, we discuss the relevance between new stories and community culture. Through time, space, and comparison between different groups to find the role of heritage in the story of the new community cultural ＂gap between urban and rural areas＂ and ＂ethnic characteristics＂. We can construct the Folk Literature view system of times, location and space. We discovered some people who tell the story about heritage talking about oral literature and historic heart of the city. Furthermore, there are some ＂new＂ stories gradually forming. These new stories with the times and spaces formed a new folk literature. In particular, by the age difference of narrators, the contents of the old traditional stories and new stories seem to have their clues. Besides, the different elements of the space has become nutrients to new stories. Therefore, new stories may revive an old community, even create a new one. As a result, resurgence and rebirth of community also contributed to the continuous new stories. This ＂community to generate new story＂ ＂new story recreate community＂ is the new phenomenon which is worthy of paying attention to in the folk literature development.

並列關鍵字

Folklore ； New Story ； Community Culture ； Performe ； Context