從目標管理理論探討軍校體育課程之規劃與發展

Plans and Development of Physical Education Curriculum in Military Academies According to Management by Objectives

彭連煒(Lien-Wei Peng) ； 林信宏(Shin-Hung Lin) ； 彭連煥(Lien-Huan Peng)

《國防大學通識教育學報》 1期 (2011/06) Pp. 185-200

https://doi.org/10.29856/TJNDUGE.201106.0011

摘要

本文從「目標管理」（management by objectives, MBO）理論著手，就「以結果為導向」（result-oriented）的管理哲學，探討美國軍校體育教育及體能訓練所展現軍校生畢業時的基本體能要求，和通過測驗成為合格軍人的目標特性，反瞻我國軍校體育課程的規劃與未來發展。本文先以文獻分析的方式，探討「目標管理」與「路徑－目標理論」的組織管理型態及理論。再以「焦點團體訪談法」來獲得研究對象的特定問題與現象，並就其中成就導向方式對於提高目標達成的影響方面以及相關體育課程項目著手。完成文字整理後，先利用「分析性歸納法」（Analytic Induction）將訪談之質性資料相關概念單位化，再宏觀的結合「運動教育學」以及「體育課程」等理論基礎，最後聚焦所要討論的問題，具體呈現我國軍校體育課程規劃及展望。

關鍵字

目標管理 ； 體育課程 ； 體能訓練

並列摘要

In terms of management by objectives, MBO, and result-oriented management philosophy, the purpose of this study is to investigate basic fitness requirement while cadets graduate from American military academies and the traits of being required soldiers in order to explore current military physical education plans and future development in Taiwan. Firstly, literature reviews were adopted to examine the management styles and the theories of MBO and route-objectives. Secondly, focus-group interviewing was used to obtain specific questions and current situation of the target interviewees. Meanwhile, the effect upon enhancing the goals and objectives by using the achievement-oriented method and the items of physical education curriculum were undertaken. Then, Analytic Induction was introduced to interpret qualitative interviews into quantitative data which was combined with the theories of e sport pedagogy and physical education curriculum. Finally, the curriculum plans and applications of physical education in military academies in Taiwan are discussed for further studies.

並列關鍵字

Management by Objectives ； Physical Education Curriculum ； Fitness Training