臺灣當前的選舉制度與政黨體系－以單一選區選舉為例

Taiwan's Current Electoral System and Party System: A Case Study on Single Constituency Elections

陳佳吉(Chia-Chi Chen)

《國防大學通識教育學報》 1期 (2011/06) Pp. 82-106

https://doi.org/10.29856/TJNDUGE.201106.0005

摘要

選舉制度是將選票轉化為議席的有關法制規定；政黨在選舉制度的保障下，經由選舉的競爭，取得執政機會，此乃民主政治發展的最佳實踐。臺灣當前的選舉種類共有9 種，任期均為4 年，採行的選舉制度，若予以明確區別，應包含三類：一、單一選區相對多數投票制；二、複數選區單記不可讓渡投票制；三、單一選區二票制。本文以單一選區的總統、立法委員（區域部分）及直轄市長選舉為例，分析臺灣政黨體系的發展。經研究發現，這三種選舉的政黨體系都趨向二黨（或二位候選人）的競爭，而且越來越明顯。除非有超強的第三候選人或政黨出現，否則這種現象在臺灣的政黨政治發展上將持續一段相當長時間。

關鍵字

選舉制度 ； 政黨體系 ； 單一選區相對多數投票制 ； 複數選區單記不可讓渡投票制 ； 單一選區二票制

並列摘要

An electoral system is a legal system through which ballots cast are transformed into legislative or government seats. Putting democracy into practice, parties, under institutionalized regulations of the electoral system, compete for ruling power. Taiwan currently holds nine different elections to fill posts, all with a term of four years, in various levels of governments. Based on the electoral system adopted the nine elections can be classified into three categories. The first is Plurality with Single-Member-District System. The second is Multimember- District Single Non-Transferable Vote System. The third is Single-Member-District Two-Vote System. A study on single-constituency elections, for Pesident, Members of the Legislative Yuan (from geographic constituencies) and Mayors of municipalities is conducted to analyze the development of party system in Taiwan. Results show that these three elections are characterized by an obvious trend of two-party, or two-candidate, competitions. Such a phenomenon will continue to prevail in Taiwan's party evolvement until a mighty third candidate or a third party emerges.

並列關鍵字

Electoral System ； Party System ； Plurality with Single-Member-District System ； Multimember- District Single Non-Transferable Vote System ； Single-Member-District Two-Vote System