中共的對外援助策略－地緣戰略視角

Strategies of China's Foreign Aid- A Geostrategic Perspective

曾美智(Mei-Jyh Tseng)

《國防大學通識教育學報》 6期 (2016/07) Pp. 79-90

摘要

中共曾經是世界上經濟極度落後的國家之一，尤其是1950至60年代的大饑荒更留給上一代的中國大陸人民留下不可磨滅的記憶，惟自1970年代末實施經濟改革以來，現今中共國內生產總值（GDP）已迅速上升至全球第二名，僅次於美國。在經濟實力增長後，政治影響力的強化已成為中共在國際上的另一國力重要指標。為突破美國的亞洲再平衡圍堵，近年中共大力推展其「一帶一路」戰略，其目的不僅係為因應大陸新一輪改革與經濟轉型需要，也有助於反制華府在中東與中亞推動的「新絲路」戰略，並回應美方從東線、海線對北京的制衡。而其最具體的手段，乃是借助其日益增長的經濟實力，對區域重要地緣戰略區域內國家實施各類之對外援助。為瞭解中共如何挾其整體國力並利用對外援助政策，積極強固其地緣戰略利益，本文擬透過中共對尼泊爾震災的救援行動、鐵公路的建造等經貿援助措施，以及對巴基斯坦的經濟與軍事合作用以平衡地緣區域內的印度勢力施力點等，進以分析中共當前對外援助及其發展，進而探究中共國家的整體國家地緣戰略布局、發展與影響，期對中共大陸未來的動向與研究有所瞭解與掌握。

關鍵字

對外援助 ； 一帶一路 ； 地緣戰略 ； 經濟互惠 ； 軍事合作

並列摘要

China used to be one of the countries with highly underdeveloped economy in the world, and the great famine from 1950 to 1960 left a deep scar on the people from last generation.However, since its economic reform in the late 1970, China's GDP has risen to the world's number two, second only to the United States.After the expansion of its economic power, its political power has become an important indicator of its national power in the international community.To break through the containment of American rebalance policy in Asia, China has been actively promoting its ＂the Belt and Road＂ strategy. China also attempts to meet the needs for China's new reform and economic transformation, to help counter American ＂New Silk Road＂ strategy in the Middle East and Central Asia and to respond to .American counter and balance against China from the east and the sea lines.The most specific tactics is to aid geostrategic countries through its increasing economic power.Thus, to understand China's future course of action, this study intends to analyze the current ways of China's foreign aids and their influence on the economic and national strategies in developing countries through the analysis of China's relief action for Nepal's earthquake victims and the economic and military corporation with Pakistan in countering India.

並列關鍵字

Foreign Aid ； the Belt and Road ； Geostrategy ； Economic reciprocity ； Military Corporation