論《般若經》的「假名」概念－以《大般若波羅蜜多經．第四會》〈妙行品〉與《第二會》〈善現品〉的對比作為考察的基礎

Prajnapti in the Prajnaparamita Sutras: A Comparison between the ＂Sarvakarajnata-carya Parivarta＂ in the Asta and the ＂Subhuti Parivarta＂ in the Penca

嚴瑋泓(YEN Wei-Hung)

《中華佛學研究》 10期 (2006/03) Pp. 43-70

https://doi.org/10.29669/CHBS.200603.0002

摘要

本文旨在以《大般若波羅蜜多經．第四會》（《小品般若經》）〈妙行品〉與《大般若波羅蜜多經．第二會》（《大品般若經》）〈善現品〉作爲對比的基礎探析《般若經》的「假名」概念，試圖從對比中理出兩個《般若經》文本對於「假名」的界定是否有所相同或差異之處，依此探究《般若經》中「假名」概念的根本立場。主要論述以下幾個焦點：一、《小品》〈妙行品〉的「假名」概念僅作爲諸法假依，並無《大品》〈善現品〉主張「三假」的立論。此番差異，是否蘊含了某種意義？二、《大品》〈善現品〉所立之「三假」，在玄奘與鳩摩羅什的譯本有所差異，分別爲：「名假」、「法假」與「方便假」與「名假施設」、「受假施設」、「法假施設」。其中「名假」與「法假」的譯名顯然可以對應起來，但是在羅什譯本的「受假施設」對應到玄奘本似乎缺譯。關於此問題，筆者在文中將論證，羅什譯本的「受假施設」之「受」，非「執受」義而應作「教授」義。三、雖然《大智度論》之作者論諍懸而未決，但至少可視爲其爲對《大品》的註疏。若從《大智度論》中「三假」的立論來看，論中似乎進一步開展了次第性的詮釋，筆者認爲此乃突顯「假名」的實踐意義，筆者將從《小品》與《大品》的對比中疏理此般論述是否得以成立。

關鍵字

假名 ； 《小品般若經》 ； 《大品般若經》 ； 玄奘 ； 鳩摩羅什

並列摘要

In this article I will discuss the concept of prajnapti, based on comparisons between the Sarvakarajnata-carya chapter of the Astasahasrika-prajnaparamita and Subhuti chapter of the Pancavimsati-sahasrika-prajnaparamita. I attempt to determine whether this concept is identical in these two sources. I will focus on the following three aspects: 1. The concept prajnapti merely serves as the provisional basis for dharmas in the Asta, but does not include the three aspects of prajnapti found in the Panca. I will discuss possible implications of this difference. 2. The three aspects of prajnapti are translated differently by Xuanzang and Kumarajiva. The former uses mingjia 名假, fajia 法假, and fangbian jia 方便假; the latter uses mingjia shishe 名假施設, shoujia shishe 受假施設, and fajia shishe 法假施設. However, Kumarajiva's term shoujia shishe does not have a corresponding term in Xuanzang's version. Regarding this, I will argue that Kumarajiva's term is a translation not of upadana (zhishou 執受), but of avavada (jiaoshou 教授). 3. The three aspects of prajnapti are explained more systematically in the commentary on the Panca in the Da zhidu lun. The contrasting meanings of prajnapti in the Asta and Panca can be used to determine whether the Da zhidu lun's explanation can be established.

並列關鍵字

prajnapti ； Astasahasrika-prajnaparamita ； Pancavimsati-sahasrika-prajnaparamita ； Xuanzang ； Kumarajiva

參考文獻

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