聖嚴法師對「無」字話頭之觀點與實踐初探

Exploration of Master Sheng Yen's Perspective and Practice on Investigating the Huatou of ＂Wu＂

釋常慶(Chang-Qing Shi)

《中華佛學研究》 15期 (2014/12) Pp. 191-247

摘要

「無」字公案，始於唐朝趙州從諗禪師（778-897），到宋大慧宗杲（1089-1163）開始極力提倡參趙州「無」字公案，現代二十一世紀聖嚴法師（1930-2009）因為大慧宗杲極力提倡參「無」字話頭的成效很好，故也在其親自主七的話頭禪七中推薦和鼓勵禪眾使用「無」字話頭。聖嚴法師對「無」字話頭之觀點，從多個話頭到一個話頭的演變，乃至最後建議採取「直接參」、「不兜圈子」的方式來勉勵禪眾直接參一個「無」字話頭（參一句「什麼是無？」）作為自己的本參話頭，顯示了聖嚴法師禪法上直捷、簡單和有力的指導特色。最後本文針對聖嚴法師勉勵禪眾直接參一個「無」字話頭，是否「影響」到禪眾生起疑情的困難之課題作訪談，經過筆者的受訪，了知禪眾（受訪者）在熟稔參話頭生起疑情的前題之下，無論彼等前後方法的操作是不受其影響的，因為參話頭參到最後他們不再使用那句話頭（「什麼是無？」），而是以直接進入「疑」的方式來參究。

關鍵字

聖嚴法師 ； 「無」字話頭 ； 什麼是無？ ； 疑情

並列摘要

Chan practice of inquiring the character ＂wu＂ as a gongan started from Chan master Zhaozhou Congshen (778-897) of the Tang dynasty, and was strongly advocated by Master Dahui Zonggao (1089-1163) in the Song dynasty. Because investigating the huatou of ＂wu＂ has proved greatly effective, Master Sheng Yen (1930-2009) also recommended Chan practitioners at his Huatou Chan retreats to use the huatou of ＂wu.＂ Master Sheng Yen's perspective on the huatou of ＂wu＂ reflects the evolution of his thoughts, away from using many different huatous towards focusing on just one single huatou, and finally adopting the approach of ＂direct investigation＂ and ＂no going around in circles,＂ which he employed to encourage Chan practitioners to simply investigate the huatou of ＂wu＂ as one's fundamental or basic huatou (by investigating a single line: what is wu?). This approach is indicative of the straightforward, simple, and effective nature of his teaching on Chan practice. In the conclusion, this article explores whether Master Sheng Yen's advice to directly investigate the huatou of ＂wu,＂ or ＂what is wu＂ could compromise the process of generating doubt sensation. By interviewing practitioners, the author discovers that once the interviewees are familiar with the fact that by investigating huatou one will give rise to doubt sensation, they actually remained unaffected regardless of the order of methods applied. For ultimately they found that the investigation of huatou no longer involves the use of the very huatou of ＂What is wu?＂, but instead requires the approach of directly entering the state of ＂doubt.＂

並列關鍵字

Master Sheng Yen ； Huatou of ＂wu＂ ； What is wu? ； Doubt Sensation

參考文獻

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