《維摩詰經》與中國文人、文學、藝術

中國文學受到佛經影響已不待言，而《維摩詰經》本身又是一部被公認富有濃厚小說、戲劇意味的文學式佛教經典，本文擬分成三項綱目，分別探索《維摩詰經》與中國文人、文學、藝術間之種種：《維摩詰經》自古即受到眾多文人雅好，本文撿出各朝代的代表人物，以觀察他們欣賞、接受《維摩詰經》的不同類型。一般而言，《維摩詰經》的主人翁—維摩詰居士，調和世間與出世間的矛盾、圓融的人生態度，為中國文人開創出一個理想精神世界，故受到文人普遍傾心嚮往。在有關佛經的講經變文中，《維摩詰經變文》可謂最富盛名，在文學史上亦享有相當地位；本文歸納出六種殘存的《維摩詰經變文》，分析其版本系統、結構特色，最後提出它對中國文學的貢獻。《維摩詰經》與中國藝術亦產生過密切關係，如著名的雲岡、龍門石窟與千佛洞，至今仍保存數目極多的遺跡。本文分為文人畫、石刻與壁畫三部分，描述不同時代、不同地點所塑造出與維摩詰個人或經文有關的不同藝術圖像。

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並列摘要

It goes without saying that Buddhist sutra have exerted strong influence on Chinese literature. The Vimalakirti Sutra itself has been regarded as a literary Buddhist sutra which has strong flavors of novel and drama. This paper is divided into three parts to deal with the relation of the Vimalakirti Sutra to Chinese literati, literature, and art. 1. The Vimalakirti Sutra has been regarded highly by the literati since its introduction into China. This paper examines the different modes of appreciation and reception by representative literati of different dynasties. Vimalakirti exemplifies the way of life in which secular life is harmonized with renunciation of the world. This attitude opens a new ideal world of spiritual life to which the Chinese literati have aspired. 2. Of all the pien-wens derived from Buddhist sutras, those related to the Vimalakirti Sutra are the most famous and play an important role in literary history. This paper examines six extant pien-wens derived from the Vimalakirti Sutra and analyzes their editions, structures and contribution to Chinese literature. 3. The Vimalakirti Sutra has been the subject of Chinese art including many extant relics at Yun-kang, Lung-men, and Ch'ien-fo-tung. This paper discusses the iconography of the Vimalakirti in literati paintings, stone sculpture, and wall paintings of various periods at different sites.