西遊記若干情節的本源十一探

本文跟以前發表於其他刊物的有關《西遊記》情節的探討一樣，是仕邦研治佛教史的副產品。這「十一探」主要找出這部我國著名的神魔小說中如下情節的來源：「孫悟空翻不出如來佛掌心」出自西藏高僧蓮華生上師的故事；「被壓五指山」與「吃鐵丸，飲銅汁」出自《舍利弗問經》和《根本說一切有部毗奈耶出家事》中的故事；「椰子酒」出自東南亞地區的「椰花酒」；「孫悟空進入妖魔腹中並威脅食其內臟」出自《雜阿含經》和《中阿含經》中的故事；「老黿馱唐僧等渡河」出自《雜寶藏經》中的故事，「能噴出煙、沙、火的柴金鈴」是宋代和明代軍中火器的化身；「彌勒佛的長相」出自《宋高僧傳》中的〈契此傳〉；「黃袍怪、黃風怪和黃犼精」是作者借描述妖魔來挖苦明代皇族中人在京師和地方上作惡橫行，而「黃眉怪」則指桑罵槐地諷刺明代帝王寵信的喇嘛教教士。

關鍵字

無資料

並列摘要

This is the author's 11th survey on the source of materials to some episodes of the famous Chinese novel Hsi-yu Chi (西遊記, well-known to the Western World as The Adventure of Monkey). The present survey covers: (1) The episode of Monkey who could not escape from the open hand of the Buddha is derived from a Tibetan legend that an evil huge dragon who could not escape from the hand of Master Padmasambhava after being caught by the magic of the latter. (2) The episode of 'Coconut Wine' is derived from the local liquor of Southeast Asia that out of coconut's flower. (3) The novel says that not only once Monkey changed himself into a flying insect by a spell and then getting into a certain demon's body through the latter's mouth. After that he threatened to eat out the entire viscera of that demon as a way of forcing the latter to surrender. These stories are derived from a story of the Madhyamagama that once the evil Papiyan reduced himself into a very small figure and then penetrated into the body of Mahamaudgalyanyana, and the latter told Papiyan to get out. Also, they derived from a story of the Samyuktagama that a hungery wild cat who swallowed a mouse into its stomach, and after that the mouse began to eat the cat's viscera. (4) The episode of a huge turtle who carried the Tripitaka Master and his followers with its back to across a river is derived from a story in the Samyuktaratnapitaka Sutra. (5) The episode of the Mongalian Wolf Demon's weapon, a metal ring hanging with three bells, the first bell shoots out black smoke, the second one, poisonous yellow sand and the third one, red fire, are the embodiments of some naval weapons of Ming China used in the war of fighting the Japanese pirates. (6) The look of Maitreya, a fat monk who always keeping a smile and bringing with him a linen beg, is modeling after the description of the Chinese monk Ch'i-tz'u (契此) in Sung-kao-seng chuan (宋高僧傳, or The Biographies of Eminent Buddhist Monks Compiled in the Sung Dynasty). (7) In this novel, there are four 'Yellow' demons, i.e. the Yellow Wind Blowing Demon, the Yellow Robed Demon, the Yellow Lion Demon and the Yellow Eyebrowed Demon. The first three are prepared by Wu Ch'eng-en (吳承恩), author of this novel, for ridiculing the Royal relatives of the Ming Dynasty as they are all putting on yellow garments. While the last one, prepared for the powerful Tibetan Lamas who were favoured by the Ming court. As a lama is putting on yellow hat and the edge of a hat is so close to one's eyebrow, Wu Ch'eng-en dropped his hint in this way.