中國佛教與倫理建設

Chinese Buddhist Ethics and Their Modern Value

方立天(Li-Tian Fang)

《中華佛學學報》 12期 (1999/07) Pp. 417-429

https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.199907.0417

摘要

本文著重探討中國佛教與倫理建設的關係，全文分為三部分：首先介紹佛教倫理的基本內容──去惡從善、平等慈悲和自利利他的倫理準則，和五戒、十善、四攝、六度的倫理德目。其次是論述中國佛教倫理的重構，即中國佛教通過刪改、比附、衍生和補益的方式，創立了適應古代中國社會、與儒家倫理相融通的獨具特色的倫理思想體系，進而認定中國佛教倫理在古代中國的社會公德、職業道德、家庭倫理等建設方面的歷史作用，也即發揮了儒家倫理的輔助作用。再次是探索佛教倫理在當代倫理建設中的價值，文章從五個方面──有助於緩解現代文化危機、有助於樹立對社會的責任與義務的意識、高僧大德人格的榜樣作用、佛教倫理基本準則的價值和佛教基本道德規範的普世意義，充分肯定佛教倫理在當代倫理建設中的價值和意義。

關鍵字

中國佛教 ； 倫理 ； 價值 ； 慈悲平等 ； 孝

並列摘要

This is a three-part study of the relationship between Chinese Buddhism and the construction of ethics. The first part provides an introduction to the basics of Buddhist ethics-the principles of refraining from negative actions and embracing the positive; equanimity; loving kindness; compassion; benefiting both oneself and others, as well as lists of virtues such as the Five Precepts, Ten Positive Actions, four Amicable Qualities, and Six Perfections. Next, the paper analyzes the restructuring of Chinese Buddhist ethics, i.e., establishing, by means of omission, revision, comparison, inference, and supplementation, a unique system of ethical thought adapted to ancient Chinese society and Confucian ethics. This had a positive historical impact on the societal, professional, and family ethics of ancient China and strengthened Confucian ethical thought. Then the author moves on to explore, from five different perspectives, the value of Buddhist ethics in the construction of contemporary ethics: resolving modern cultural crises, establishing awareness of social responsibility; role models provided by the personalities of highlyaccomplished Sangha and lay practitioners; the value of basic Buddhist ethical principles; and the universal significance of Buddhist ethics. The study concludes with a categorical affirmation of the value and significance of Buddhist ethics in modern society.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Buddhism ； ethics ； value ； loving kindness, compassion, and equanimity ； filial duties

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