An Inquiry Into Master Xuyun's Experiences of Long-dwelling in Samadhi

根據《虛雲和尚年譜》，虛雲和尚一生中有三次（十八、九日、九日）長時「住定」時間記錄。虛雲和尚談到，1901年底（62歲）至1902年初（63歲）在終南山入定十八天不是有心入定，因為有心一定不能入定；也不是無心入定，並以「看話頭」的禪法，答覆如何入定的問題。但他沒有提到在此長時間的禪定中沒有飲食卻能維生的問題。根據《大毘婆沙論》認為，欲界眾生的身體成份（諸根大種）須由飲食養分來維持；而《成唯識論了義燈》討論長時安住於「滅盡定」時，是以識、觸、思等三種精神性的食物來維持生命。但是《大毘婆沙論》與《成實論》則認為安住於「滅盡定」者，段、識、觸、思等四種食物皆無。這篇文章將從歷史的角度及研究維持生命的實際考量，探討虛雲和尚的長時住定經驗。

關鍵字

虛雲；禪定；四食；彌勒；識智

並列摘要

According to The Chronicle of Master Xuyun, the Master had three experiences of longdwelling in samadhi-one for eighteen days, and two of nine days' duration. Master Xuyun has remarked that his eighteen-day samadhi experience on Zhungnan mountain (Dec. 1901- Jan. 1902) at the age of 62 was not intentional, as one cannot enter samadhi with such an intention; but neither was it unintentional. He used the Chan practice of 'Observing the Head Phrase' to answer questions about how to enter samadhi, but he did not address the issue of surviving long-dwelling experiences without sustenance. According to the Abhidharmamaha- vibhaSa-sastra, beings in the desire realm require 'sequential physical food' to sustain the existence of the bodily elements. The Cheng weishi lun liaoyideng 成唯識論了義燈 asserts that when long-dwelling in the 'concentra tion of cessation', life is sustained by the three kinds of spiritual food, namely 'consciousness', 'sensory food', and 'volition'. But both the Abhidharma-maha-vibhaSa-sastra and the Tattva-siddhi-sastra presume the absence of all the four foods ('sequential physical food', 'consciousness', 'sensory food', and 'volition') during 'concentration of cessation'. This article will discuss Master Xuyun's long-dwelling from an historical perspective and investigate the practical considerations of surviving so long in such a state.

並列關鍵字

Master Xuyun ； Samadhi ； The Four Kinds of Food ； Maitreya ； Consciousness and Wisdom

參考文獻

(Citations from the Taisho Tripitaka and Shinsan Dainihon Zokuzokyo taken from CD 2008 version of Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association (CBETA)).