從去殖民角度看博物館與原住民社群合作知識生產之道：以白鷺部落文史書製作為例

Cooperation between Museums and Indigenous Communities in Knowledge Production from the Perspective of Decolonization: An Example of the Publication by the Payljus Tribal Community

林頌恩(Sung-En Lin)

《博物館與文化》 4期 (2012/12) Pp. 31-68

https://doi.org/10.29997/JMC.201212.0003

摘要

最早為博物館使用的知識，可說是由殖民帝國派遣人員到遠方採集、搬運回國後經由分類、建檔而得來的資料，此類知識則供予殖民勢力運用。這類藏品蒐集與知識生產的方式，也顯露長期以來研究者面對原住民部落社群於知識建構累積發表上的不對等關係。原住民期待研究者能對部落存續負有蒐集保存資料的責任，並共同發展建基於從研究而可掌控原住民自身命運的工作關係。本文透過去殖民主義觀點，從國立臺灣史前文化博物館於排灣族白鷺部落建構部落文史書過程中擔任協力角色的實踐結果，進行實例分析與探討。本文研究提出省思博物館與部落合作知識生產之道，可著力於（一）博物館與部落發展互為主體的夥伴關係；（二）博物館成為培力部落研究者的研究機構；（三）博物館作為出版協力以落實版權為部落集體擁有的作法。博物館當可作為「發電廠」而非「儲藏室」之角色，從中進行能量與知識的交流運輸，促成各部落形成自己的知識中心。

關鍵字

去殖民 ； 博物館與原住民社群 ； 國立臺灣史前文化博物館 ； 白鷺部落 ； 排灣族

並列摘要

Early on, the knowledge used by museums was gathered, transported, classified and archived by personnel assigned by the colonizing power. This knowledge was then provided to the colonizing government. This type of specimen gathering and knowledge production reveals the unequal relationship that has existed for a long time in obtaining, archiving and presenting research on indigenous communities. Indigenous communities expect that researchers will continue to fulfill their responsibility to collect and preserve data, as well as jointly develop a working relationship that will allow the communities to use research to control their own destiny. In this study, analysis and discussion are carried out on the coordination role of the National Museum of Prehistory in the production of cultural writings by the Paiwan tribal community of Payljus, from the perspective of colonialism. This study proposes several concepts regarding museum and indigenous community cooperation in the production of knowledge. (1) Museums and indigenous communities need to develop a mutually reciprocal partnership. (2) Museums need to be responsible for cultivating indigenous community researchers. (3) Museums need to join in the publication effort to ensure that intellectual property remains the collective property of indigenous communities. Museums should play the role of ＂power house＂ rather than ＂store house＂. They should provide the ＂energy＂ or capacity and the means to exchange knowledge, as well as encourage indigenous communities to set up their own knowledge centers.

並列關鍵字

Decolonization ； Museum and Indigenous Community ； National Museum of Taiwan Prehistory ； Payljus Tribal Community ； Paiwan Tribe