博衆之間：博物館社群參與實踐的意義、挑戰與評量

Between Museums and Communities: The Significance, Challenges and Evaluation of the Museums' Community-Engaged Practices

林玟伶(Wen-Ling Lin)

《博物館與文化》 22期 (2021/12) Pp. 49-76

摘要

博物館社群參與實踐是當代博物館重要課題，積極的參與形式，包含群眾外包與群眾募資、共同創造與共同生產、參與決策等類型，參與的場域不限於博物館的實體空間與館外空間，在網路空間的參與實踐日益受到注目。如此豐富的發展下，應如何理解社群參與的本質？本文結合藝術管理、文化政策研究與博物館學研究對社群參與的討論，對於社群參與之脈絡、概念、機會與挑戰、評量議題進行探討。本研究指出社群參與實踐的過程是權力的協商，意味著博物館需要共享權威，並讓參與者成為能動者，更為主動積極的涉入過程之創作、決策，共同分享參與的責任，因此博物館發展社群參與需涉及組織變革。此外，社群是動態且多元的群體，參與涉及人與人互動的複雜過程，建立與社群的連結與接納多元聲音是促進參與的關鍵。社群參與對於博物館與參與者應是互惠的結果，應避免象徵主義式的參與。最後，參與的成果與影響力必須能夠展現，應透過適當且混合的評量方法運用，並著重過程與不同利害關係人的評量。

關鍵字

博物館 ； 社群參與 ； 參與式計畫 ； 評量

並列摘要

The practice of community engagement has become a significant topic of contemporary museums. The active forms of engagement include crowd outsourcing and crowdfunding, co-creation and co-production, participation in decision-making and so on. The participation mode is not limited to the physical space either inside or outside of the museum. Online participation practices too, are gaining more and more attention. With such a rich development, how should we understand the nature of community engagement? Drawing on the debates of community engagement in art management, cultural policy studies, and museum studies; this article explores and discusses the context, concepts, opportunities, challenges, and evaluation issues of community engagement. This study indicates that the process of community engagement is a negotiation of power, which means that museums need to share authority. Museums should facilitate participants' agency to be more proactive in creation and decision-making. Therefore, both museums and communities would be able to share the responsibilities of the engagement process. The development of community engagement should involve organizational changes. In addition, the community is a dynamic and diverse group-participation in a complex process involving interpersonal interaction. Establishing a connection with the community and accepting multiple voices is the key to promot engagement. Community engagement should be mutually beneficial for the museums and participants, and tokenism should be avoided. Finally, the outcomes and impact of engagement must be able to be demonstrated through the adoption of the mixed and appropriate evaluation methods, and stakeholders in the engagement process should be evaluated.

並列關鍵字

museums ； community engagement ； participatory project ； evaluation