博物館學習之詮釋及溝通內涵探究

博物館參觀與一般學校教育的學習經驗有形式上明顯的差異，在一個自由而開放的情境中，博物館如何詮釋展示及教育的內容，又如何讓觀衆在這些內容和經驗中理解意義，成為博物館學習研究的重要課題。博物館是社當大衆瞭解及體驗文化的場所，進行文化體驗的意義是希望能達到文化共享的目的。以社會大衆學習和享有文化藝術資源為發展目標的博物館，她所負有的社當責任，除了與藏文物之外，更重要的是將這些典藏品的藝術文化價值和意義，經由詮釋和溝通的過程傳達給社會大衆；以此為前題，博物館學習主要的目的在讓觀衆有所反應並在其中獲得意義、思考、發問並且表達情感。如果希望觀衆在博物館的參觀經驗中能有所反應，則博物館所進行的歷史文化體驗應該是一種判斷與創造的學習，例如：提出問題、挑戰某些信仰、產生新的詮釋，這些過程同時包括認知、情感與態度。在此不斷進行的詮釋與溝通過程中，觀衆的主體性及博物館員文化詮釋的角色，將是博物館學習研究必須深入探討的課題，藉由詮釋學所主張的觀點及提出的發問，本文試圖探討博物館學習之詮釋及溝通內涵，以期建立博物館教育的專業基礎。

關鍵字

物館學習；詮釋；溝通；詮釋學

並列摘要

There are obvious differences in types of experiences and learning styles between onsite museum visits and typical classroom settings. An important area of research is the way a museum presents its exhibits and the sorts of experiences the museum creates for visitors to interpret the exhibits. Museums offer the public the opportunity for first-hand cultural experiences. The purpose of providing these cultural experiences is to enable sharing and understanding of different cultures. While museums have the social obligation to preserve artifacts, an even more important objective should be the transmission of artistic and cultural value and meaning of artifacts to the public, through the processes of interpretation and communication. Given these assumptions, museums need to create an environment that stimulates visitors to learn, think, question, and express their feelings and ideas. In order to create such an environment, the historical and cultural experience that a museum provides should involve learning processes that require both judgment and creativity. In this ongoing process of interpretation and communication, the subjectivity of the visitor and the role of museum personnel in assisting cultural interpretation are issues that require further exploration. This study attempts to discuss interpretation and communication in museum learning from a hermeneutic perspective, to provide a professional foundation for developing museum education.