陳廷焯《白雨齋詞話》在蘇辛並稱論中之意義

中國文學史中，每一種文人並稱組合，都有其形成的源流與背景，並在後世形成一種特殊的美學範式。其中，蘇辛並稱就是一個值得深入探討的文學現象。由此一並稱之歷史沿革來看，有幾個值得注意的特徵。其一，評論者在使用此一詞組時，往往將兩人置於「豪放派」的脈絡中談論，以蘇東坡開風氣之先，辛稼軒承繼於後，故蘇辛並稱具有「史」的成分。其二，歷來詞話將蘇辛並稱，往往極力強調其「豪放」之面向，並與周、柳等「婉約」詞人對舉。其三，當蘇辛並稱系統確立後，即成為一相互纏繞的範型結構，更由於不斷被相互比較辨析，遂深化了對兩人詞風更加細緻化的詮解。本文之問題意識，即針對第三點而發。筆者認為，陳廷焯《白雨齋詞話》是此一並稱沿革歷程中極具關鍵意義的著作。本文首先針對歷來談及蘇辛並稱之代表性文獻加以辨析，其後進一步探究《白雨齋詞話》對蘇辛並稱之重要觀點。對東坡詞，陳廷焯除了「東坡不可學」之說，亦論及其藝術風格及人格典範。對稼軒詞，則明顯著重由「沉鬱說」加以推崇。歷來詞話中有關蘇辛並稱之論，多為片段式之評點，然《白雨齋詞話》卻是罕見以大量篇幅討論此一議題的著作。陳廷焯《白雨齋詞話》對兩家詞風之區隔與洞見，不僅具有「成一家之言」的意義，更在蘇辛並稱此一議題中具有不可忽視的地位。

關鍵字

陳廷焯；《白雨齋詞話》；蘇東坡；辛稼軒；並稱

並列摘要

In the history of Chinese literature, the equivalent recognition of various combinations of literati was formed by unique origin and background. Among these combinations, the equivalent recognition of Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji is a literary phenomenon worthy of in-depth investigation. First, literary critics mentioning such equivalent recognition often discussed about these two literati in the context of ＂powerful and free school.＂ Su was the pioneer of this school, and Xin passed it down. Therefore, the equivalent recognition of Su and Xin is associated with ＂history.＂ Second, all previous discussions on Ci (詞) suggesting that Su and Xin shared equivalent recognition strongly emphasize the dimension of ＂powerful and free＂ and comparing them with poets of ＂graceful school.＂ such as Chou Pang-yen and Liu Yung. Third, after the confirmation of establishment of the equivalent recognition of Su and Xin, these two literati were constantly compared and analyzed, their types of Ci were interpreted in a more subtle manner. This paper probes into the third perspective mentioned above. This paper first investigates and analyzes all previous representative literature suggesting that Su and Xin are equally recognized. Second, this paper further discusses the important viewpoints on the equivalent recognition of Su and Xin. For Su's Ci, besides the idea ＂It is impossible to learn the style of Su,＂ Chen Ting-Cho also investigated Su's artistic styles and personality. For Xin's Ci, Chen apparently admired and focused on ＂depressive style.＂ The distinctions between the Ci styles of the two literati and the insights of Chen as ＂an argument establishing a school.＂ but also play an indispensable role in the issue of equivalent recognition of Su and Xin.