著作權在博物館之應用－以國立中正紀念堂管理處為例

文化創意產業是知識經濟潮流，也是世界趨勢，而博物館在這產業中占有舉足輕重之角色，另一方面，博物館因日漸提高的營運成本，且同時又面臨不斷削減的公務預算，故須朝向多元化經營並自謀財源，除了建立博物館品牌外，更須藉由著作權等相關法律，以充分利用博物館的資源來創造利基。本文先概略介紹著作權內涵及著作權與博物館的關連，探討博物館經營與著作權法相關之項目，包含博物館常運用之著作權觀念及契約關係的建立、博物館藝術授權的方式與分工、博物館典藏管理、公開展示等，檢視著作財產權的歸屬及契約條文對於著作人及博物館的權益或規範；另以中正紀念堂業務之委託專家研究、捐贈品及典藏品的徵集、特展與衍生性商品等案例，對照契約條款或著作權法進行探討或以實際作法為例進行說明，闡述博物館與委外專家、博物館與合作單位、博物館與藝術家、博物館與廠商間的分工關係及其相關著作權等問題，以釐清博物館之權利與規範及著作權歸屬等。最後，再以一委外廠商侵權案例的始末，檢視著作權等相關法律如何在實際運作下，協助博物館營運並保障博物館的形象與名譽。

關鍵字

著作權；博物館；文化；文化創意產業；衍生性商品；文化行政；藝術授權

並列摘要

Museums play an important role in the cultural and creative industries, which are part of the world trend in the knowledge-based economy. However, nowadays, museums face the difficulties of rising operating costs and decreasing government funds, and must adopt multiple operating and management models to find sufficient financial support. This forces museums to utilize copyright laws to expand their market and generate more revenue. In this article, we first briefly introduce the definition of copyright and its relevance to museum operation. We study the management of the museum under the scope of copyright laws, including the copyright concepts and contracts that are often used in museums such as for art licensing, collection management, and public displays, etc. The core ideas are related to copyright ownership and how the interests and obligations of the museum and the copyright holders are regulated under copyright laws. We then use the Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall as an example to present how the different functions of the museum, such as research outsourcing, collections, exhibitions, and creation of derivatives, are related to copyright. At the same time, we reveal the relationships in terms of copyright between museums and outsourcing experts, museums and collaborating institutions, museums and artists, and museums and manufacturers. Finally, we describe a real case in which an outsourcing company infringed on the copyright of Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall and demonstrate how copyright related laws help museums to protect their rights and reputation.