策展非物質－兩個機構史展覽的比較研究

非物質一詞在博物館學與策展領域的討論有不太相同的側重面向。在博物館學研究方面，非物質意味超越物件的物質性考慮，因此跳脫了傳統博物館的作為與功能，轉而思考虛擬博物館的課題；此點又可能進一步與遺產研究結合而衍生「新遺產」的討論。在策展研究方面，非物質的展覽往往被放置於當代新媒體藝術的展示脈絡下討論，但非物質的展覽在本質上並不全然等同新媒體藝術的關懷。不論在博物館學或策展的研究，非物質的概念所具有的共通意涵則是其背後所蘊含的體制批判的精神。本文以國立臺北藝術大學的「北藝大動員：進入我們的校史」與法國國立自然史博物館的「一座館所的演化」兩個特展為案例，反思文件型態展覽的展示手法以及機構歷史的展覽如何擴大參與機制。文章首先希望透過相關文獻的梳理與展覽的分析，探討非物質的概念、策展機制與展示手法，以反思策展活動。特別是我們應如何看待超越物質性特徵的保存素材以及如何分析其可能的載體與博物館操作之間的關係。在此博物館的操作指涉展示的手法與空間呈現方式；但也特別指策展過程的政治與權力關係如何在新科技發展的脈絡下產生新的轉變。其次，文章將從場所記憶的角度，分析得以呈現場所記憶的素材與概念之關聯，並闡明其非物質性。最後，文章擬探討非物質展示的策展過程與展示型態如何考慮觀眾的接受行為。

關鍵字

非物質；策展；場所記憶；國立臺北藝術大學；法國國立自然史博物館

並列摘要

The term ＂the immaterial＂ has different emphases in museology and curation. In museological research, it implies material considerations that transcend objects, departing from the traditional actions and functions of museums to instead reflect on issues concerning virtual museums. This point can be further combined with heritage research to discuss ＂new heritage.＂ In research on curation, exhibitions are often discussed in the context of displays of new media art. However, exhibitions of the immaterial do not in essence equate to the concerns of new media art. No matter if museological or curatorial research, the common implication of concepts of the immaterial is the underlying spirit of institutional critique. Two special exhibitions held at the Taipei National University of the Arts (Becoming TNUA: Entering Our History) in Taiwan and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Evolutions d'une Galerie) in France served as case studies, to discuss techniques for exhibiting document types and expanding participation mechanisms. The aim of this article was to first review the relevant literature and carry out exhibition analyses to explore concepts of the immaterial, curating mechanisms and exhibition techniques, to reflect on curatorial activities. A particular issue is how preserved source material that transcends the characteristic of materiality should be viewed, and how the relationship between its possible vehicles for expression and museum operations should be analyzed. Here, ＂museum operations＂ refers to techniques for exhibiting and approaches to presenting space. Next, adopting the perspective of lieux de mémoire (places of memory), the connection between source materials and concepts that enable the presentation of lieux de mémoire is analyzed, to explain their immateriality. Finally, how audience reception and participatory roles are considered within the curating processes and types of displays associated with exhibits of the immaterial are explored.