後博物館概念的都市藝術策展－以基隆黃色小鴨為例

都市宛如一個超大型的博物館園區，而都市中許多重要的藝術文化展覽活動，則如同博物館的常設展或主題特展。社會大眾共同參與這些活動並體驗出自己不同的看法及心得，整個都市因為有各種活動及不同社群民眾的參與而人聲鼎沸、充滿活力，進而產生各種多元的價值。基隆黃色小鴨展出時，曾引發許多社會爭議事件，社會大眾除了熱烈參與並提出意見。本研究以Hooper-Greenhill(2000)的「後博物館」(post-museum)概念出發，將在基隆展覽的黃色小鴨視為一個文本，且此文本在當時是被特定的發起人、策展人、創作人等及其相關因素所共同產出，再同時對外提供給來自不同地區的民眾前來消費。為瞭解民眾對此文本的消費情形，在現場進行問卷調查及訪談，回收622份有效問卷。研究發現，民眾對於小鴨的看法與心得等，與當時各生產者想要賦予的部分特定目的與企圖產生許多落差，並造成弱化生產者原有的企圖等現象。不僅如此，民眾們對小鴨有各自不同的想法及想像，可謂百家齊放，他們在自己的社群之間彼此交流分享，產生了各種多元價值並進的熱鬧景象。透過案例分析，本研究進一步發現臺灣社會大眾在參與都市藝術展覽活動時，表達自我的想法似乎有崛起之勢。面對此現象，未來在都市策展時「開放性文本」(open text)將更為重要且具意義。策展時，從過去以作者為主的文本生產重點，轉為注意到不同社群的民眾在文本消費時，能獲得各種且更多屬於個人所能親身經驗到的開放性價值。

關鍵字

後博物館；都市藝術策展；文本分析；觀眾研究；黃色小鴨；基隆市

並列摘要

This paper begins with a look at the ＂post-museum＂ concept proposed by Hooper-Greenhill (2000). A city can be likened to a large-scale museum park, and many important art and cultural events in a city are imagined as museum-type permanent or theme exhibitions. City residents and visitors are encouraged to participate in these activities and express their views. Diverse activities and participants create vitality, and encourage the co-existence of diverse values. The Rubber Duck exhibition in Keelung resulted in many social disputes, as well as attracted intense public participation and sharing of opinions. In this study, the Rubber Duck served as a text. This text was produced by specific initiator, curator and creator. Meanwhile, this text was consumed by people from various places. During the exhibition period, 622 valid visitor survey questionnaires were obtained. The results of the survey revealed large gaps between visitors' views on the Rubber Duck and its maker's specific purposes, as well as weakening of the maker's original intention. Moreover, visitors possessed different views and interpretations of the Rubber Duck, and communication among visitors from different communities enhanced the production of diverse values and, at the same time, the liveliness of the atmosphere. Analyses of this case study further showed increasing public participation in city art exhibitions and expression of views. Therefore, ＂open text＂ will become more important and significant in future curation in cities. Curation has been transformed from maker-oriented text production into public-oriented text production. In the process of text consumption, the public obtains various and more personal experiences of open values.