明代仁宣政治新探

明代仁宗、宣宗兩朝，時間雖僅短短11年，但論其影響當時，乃至後來的中國，卻是既深且遠。其正確的政策路線，如任用賢良、與民休息等，讓明代的社會經濟得到極佳的正面發展。而在此之外，仁、宣兩朝的許多政治措施，如內閣票擬的形成、加強對武官權力的限制、巡撫的派遣、宦官監軍的出現等，均影響後來明代的政治發展走向與制度設計。由於明仁宗朱高熾與明宣宗朱瞻基在政治用人、行政處理上，均為後世所稱善，成為明代歷史上少有的吏治清明、經濟發展、社會穩定的時代，史稱「仁宣之治」。平心而論，仁宣之治的確有其正面意義與貢獻。然從今日之角度看來，與民休養生息在某種程度上，即是象徵積極面的不足。俗諺有云：「凡事有利即有弊」，福禍往往相依。仁、宣朝的政治作為，在國防上，除了讓北方邊防失去險要；厲行海禁，更是嚴重打擊沿海居民生計，逼使良民淪為海寇。而外交上的退守，正是明帝國在近代大航海時代中缺席的主因。其影響所及，至19世紀後，中國被列強欺凌，幾乎變成西方海洋強權國家的殖民地。以今日眼光看之，仁宣之治並不僅有正面之意義，其無形連帶的負面影響，超乎一般人之想像。基本上，要從事相關主題的研究，其範圍除從仁、宣兩朝的內政、外交、國防等面向進行探討外，特別須加入世界史的宏觀角度進行比較。本計畫跳脫以往窠臼，公平看待史實，釐清真相，應該能夠得到相當的收穫，且能補齊學界對此一主題的不足。

關鍵字

明代；仁宗；宣宗；仁宣之治；鄭和

並列摘要

The period from Hongxi emperor to Hsuan-tsung emperor of Ming Dynasty, although only a short time in 11 years , but its impact on the time, and, later China, but it is deep and far. Its correct policy line, such as appointment virtuous, rest with the people, so that the Ming Dynasty get excellent positive social and economic development. And in this, benevolence, many political measures declared dynasties, such as the formation of the Cabinet vote intended to strengthen restrictions on the powers of the military attach, the governor of dispatch, there are eunuchs Jianjun, are affected later political developments and system design of the Ming Dynasty. Because Hongxi emperor and Hsuan-tsung emperor employing political, administrative processing, are later called good, become rare in the history of the Ming Dynasty Official Qingming, economic development and social stability of the era, known as the ＂Ren Xuan Governance＂. In all fairness, Ren Xuan Governance does have its positive significance and contribution. However, it appears from the perspective of today; with the people recuperate in a way, which is a symbol of the positive aspects of the deficiencies. Proverb goes: ＂Everything that is beneficial to harm＂ is often dependent fortune or misfortune. Benevolence towards politics as declared in the defense, in addition to the loss of the northern border advantageous; ban on maritime trade, it is a serious blow to the livelihoods of coastal residents, forcing innocent civilians become pirates . The diplomatic retreat, it is the Ming Empire in the Age of Discovery in the absence of modern alterations. Reach its impact to the 19th century, China was bullied by foreign powers, has become almost colonial powers Western Ocean countries. In today's perspective, the Ren Xuan Governance meaning not only positive, the negative impact of the associated intangible, beyond most people's imagination. Basically, you want to engage in research- related topics, in addition to its range to explore from the benevolence, declared dynasties domestic and foreign affairs, defense and other outward facing, especially the history of the world have to join a macro perspective for comparison. If we can ever escape the stereotype, fair look at the facts, clarify the truth, you should be able to get quite a harvest, and can be filled this less than one academic subject.

並列關鍵字

Ming Dynasty ； Hongxi Emperor ； Hsuan-tsung Emperor ； Ren Xuan Governance ； Zheng He

國際替代計量

明代仁宣政治新探

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