看見心視界：從生態系統理論探討中途致障之視覺障礙者就業歷程

Perspectives from Inside: Employment Experience of Acquired Visually Impaired under the Ecological System Theory

麥漢倫(Han-Lun Mai)

《愛盲視覺障礙敘說與研究》 2017 (2017/04) Pp. a6-a8+i-ii+1-37+39-105+107-141

摘要

本研究以生態系統觀點，從個人系統、家庭系統、職場系統探討中途致障之視障者就業歷程。研究選取五位中途致障之視障者、四位家庭成員、一位重要友人、五位職場同事共計十五名，進行半結構深度訪談。面對失明壓力視障者能透過家庭支持與社會資源來調適心理反應；進入重建系統有助於盲以後的生活適應與拓展社會網絡，但在職業重建應考量中途失明者原先的專業知識技能與教育背景；職業適應所面臨的問題除了視障者本身能力能處理之外，職場同事與家庭支持也是協助適應的資源。失明壓力不僅影響視障者也包含其家庭成員，除了陪伴視障者面對壓力外亦能透過社會網絡來調適陪伴者的心理反應，有助於增強家庭關係與降低壓力；在協助視障者適應失明與就業，家庭支持是一個重要資源後盾。職場存在不了解而產生的疑慮，因相處之後發現視障者的優勢並修正觀念，成為視障者職場適應的協助資源，也有助於其他視障者進入職場；但大眾的接納程度與刻板印象仍成為視障者進入職場就業的阻礙。透過三個系統互動發現脈絡關係：（一）適應的獨特性；（二）重建的重要性；（三）社會支持資源；（四）外部環境阻礙。最後，回歸系統所分別的對象，視障者、視障者家庭、社會大眾、政府及相關單位提出本文相關建議。

關鍵字

視覺障礙者 ； 就業歷程 ； 家庭支持 ； 社會網絡 ； 生態系統理論

並列摘要

This study explores the employment experience of acquired visually impaired under the Ecological System Theory. The perspectives of visually impaired personal system, family system and workplace system are analyzed by conducting in-depth interviews of 5 acquired visually impaired, 5 family members or close friend and 5 colleagues. The results reveal that in adapting to visual impairment, both psychological rehabilitation of the micro-system and family support of the meso-system are important in the first place. Outside supporting resources of the macro-system will assist adaptation smoothly. With regard to vocational rehabilitation, detecting work skill of the micro-system, family support of the meso-system and employers' accommodation and government supporting resources of the macro-system will provide more options of choice. In the work site, colleagues' support and resources of job accommodation of the macro-system will alleviate potential obstacles. Concerning changing jobs, the general perception of visual impaired and friendly work environment of the macro-system are critical.

並列關鍵字

visually impaired ； employment experience ； family support ； social network ； Ecological System Theory