劇情類與非劇情類動畫短片的鏡頭因果關係

動畫鏡頭間的組接促使劇中事件產生因果關係，一個事件的結束之後所接續的並非全新的開始，而是具有承上啟下的作用，使前面事件的「果」成為下一個事件的「因」，組織成一連串的「問答」。透過因果鏡頭給予觀眾的「問」與「答」，能使故事具有可看性，創造引人入勝的戲劇張力，並勾起觀眾探索情節的慾望。對劇情片而言，因果關係相當重要。鏡頭間的因果幫故事建立起邏輯觀，並引導觀眾深入故事核心，以體會角色的內心歷程，如若沒建立合理的鏡頭順序，混亂的邏輯觀會讓觀眾無法一窺故事全貌，僅能理解影像組成的表層意義，對於故事內涵的共鳴與角色心理變化的理解都將大打折扣。本研究首先採用訪談法，詢問專家意見來確認鏡頭因果類別，接著再使用內容分析法，分析12部曾於國際動畫競賽獲獎的動畫短片作品，7部為劇情片，另5部則是非劇情片。藉由探討研究對象中的鏡頭因果之運用手法，將其效果分門別類。結果顯示，當故事欲傳遞給觀眾的資訊和情感認知越強烈，就越強調當中的因果聯繫，事件經由巧妙的安排與鋪陳，種種的因果關聯都會集中至一故事主軸，使整體情節成為一個完整故事。

關鍵字

動畫短片；鏡頭組接；因果關係；動畫敘事

並列摘要

The montage sequence establishes a cause-effect relationship between events in animation. A new event after the end of another one is not independent. There is a connecting link between them. The ＂effect＂ of the latter one is from the ＂cause＂ of former one, creating a sequence of ＂question＂ and ＂answer＂. By the ＂question＂ and ＂answer＂ created by montage sequence, a story will be more attractive and dramatic, provoking audience's desire to explore the plots of it. A cause-effect relationship is extremely important for drama films. The montage sequence helps audience realize the story logic, the core of story, and characters' inner changes. If without reasonable montage sequence, confusing story logic will make it hard for audience to understand the complete story, but only know the surface meaning of camera shots. That will reduce audience's resonation with the story and characters' inner changes. Interview method was used in the research to get advice from experts for confirming the sorts of cause-effect relationship between camera shoots. And then, content analysis method was used to analyze 12 animated short films rewarded by international animation competition. 7 of them are drama films, the others are not. By researching the methods used in them, the effects of different cause-effect relationship were categorized. The results show that a cause-effect relationship tends to be emphasized when there are much information and many emotions conveyed to audience. All events need to be well arranged, to make all cause-effect relationship concentrate on one story line, and all plots will compose a complete story.

並列關鍵字

Animated short film ； Montage ； Causality ； Animation Narrative

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