影響吞嚥困難長者攝取質地調整飲食之相關因素

吞嚥困難可能會造成肺炎、脫水和營養不良等，因此吞嚥訓練及營養介入就顯得非常重要，而質地調整飲食即為營養介入的一種飲食方式，國際吞嚥障礙飲食標準化創辦組織（International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative, IDDSI）將食物質地詳細分級及定義，讓製備食物者有所依循，製作適合的質地給吞嚥困難患者食用，然而有研究指出質地調整飲食沒有改善口咽性吞嚥困難患者的營養狀況或由口進食的攝取量，以及無法增加吞嚥困難長者的熱量及某些營養素的攝取，這可能受到質地調整飲食的外觀、營養密度、配色、是否有餵食輔助或使用影響吞嚥藥物等的影響，因此本篇旨在分析探討影響吞嚥困難長者食用質地調整飲食之相關因素，以期能了解箇中原因進而增加吞嚥困難長者的攝食量、改善營養狀況，並避免併發症的發生。

關鍵字

吞嚥困難；質地調整飲食；長者；營養不良

並列摘要

Dysphagia may lead to health problems such as pneumonia, dehydration, and malnutrition. Therefore, swallowing training and nutritional interventions are very important to patients with dysphagia. Texture-modified diet is one of nutritional interventions. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) classifies and defines food textures in detail so that food preparers can follow the instructions and make proper textures for dysphagic patients. However, some studies have shown that texture-modified diets do not improve the nutritional status of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia or their intake of food by mouth, and this kind of diet also fails to increase the caloric intake and certain nutrients of the elderly with swallowing difficulties. This may be caused by the appearance of texture-modified diets, nutrient density, color and food pairing, availability of feeding aids or the use of drugs that affect swallowing, etc. To find out the factors that are associated with this, this article analyzes the factors that affect the consumption of texture-modified diet in elderly people with swallowing difficulties, and the results can help increase their food intake, improve their nutritional status, and avoid complications.

並列關鍵字

dysphagia ； texture-modified diet ； elderly ； malnutrition

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