我國假釋制度之效能評估兼論英國、美國、瑞典、日本的制度走向

Analyzing the Efficiency of Taiwanese Parole System: With a Glimpse into Systems in the UK, the USA, Sweden and Japan

吳永達(Yeong-Dar Wu) ； 蔡宜家(I-Chia Tsai) ； 鍾志宏(Chih-Hung Chung) ； 林震偉(Chen-Wei Lin) ； 黃琪雯(Chi-Wen Huang)

《刑事政策與犯罪防治研究專刊》 15期 (2017/12) Pp. 35-59

https://doi.org/10.6460/CPCP.201712_(15).0003

摘要

為能脈絡性觀察我國假釋制度與執行層面，所呈現之效果與問題；並透過國內外假釋政策比較，為我國假釋問題尋求法制、政策評估方向，本文以我國現行假釋政策之刑期執行、核准釋放、撤銷假釋的規範與數據，結合近期法務部對於假釋政策的見解與方向，以及分析英國、美國、瑞典與日本，4個不同文化、地域，且具有指標性的國家假釋制度、思維背景，作為探究主軸。研究結果發現，我國假釋制度在重刑化社會的背景下，逐步偏向以維護社會安全為主軸的假釋審核模式，相對而言，即有逐漸忽視假釋之協助受刑人更生、復歸社會的初衷，這樣的政策模式可能導致像美國獄後監督制度，產生高監禁與高再犯的結果；此外，雖然法務部已就假釋審核參酌事項頒訂相關行政規則，但實務上，如何透過法制的過程，讓受刑人在憲法上的權利得到保障，並促進社會各界得知監所假釋審查委員會以及法務部矯正署審核運作的公正性，亦為重要，而將來，如何透過長期的追蹤調查研究，實證假釋成效並在社會期盼下固守假釋制度之協助受刑人復歸社會主旨，並藉由健全的社會處遇計畫等更生機制的實踐，減少再犯，亦為未來假釋政策擬定上，應當努力之方向。

關鍵字

假釋 ； 社會復歸 ； 重刑化 ； 獄後監督 ； 附條件釋放 ； 仮釈放（日文）

並列摘要

In order to systematically observe efficiencies and problems of rules and execution of Taiwanese parole system and to search solutions of law and policy for the parole system, this paper aims to present the standpoint of the Ministry of Justice, laws and data regarding sentence served before parole, parole approval and parole revocation. Meanwhile, this paper also aims to analyze the systems and backgrounds of conditional release or supervised release from the UK, the USA, Sweden and Japan. We found that Taiwanese parole system has been designed to reach the goal of social safety preferably by adopting severe punishment and neglect the original goal of rehabilitation. This trend may cause high prison rate and high recidivism rate like supervised release in the USA. Moreover, though the standards for parole have been made by Ministry of Justice, it is also important to legalize the standards to protect prisoners’ constitutional rights, and to reveal the fairness of parole boards from district prisons and Agency of Corrections. For practicing rehabilitation and reducing recidivism rate by community corrections, it is also important to demonstrate the efficiency of parole via long-time tracked data, and to help rehabilitate prisoners, even if under the pressure of public opinion.

並列關鍵字

parole ； rehabilitation ； supervised release ； conditional release ； Karishakuhou

參考文獻

Fiona Doherty, Indeterminate Sentencing Returns: The Invention of Supervised Release, New York University Law Review, Vol. 88, No. 3, 960, 991-995.(2013).

United States v Gementera, 379 F3d 596, 602 (9th Cir 2004).

NEIL P. COHEN, THE LAW OF PROBATION AND PAROLE, 1-21(West Group, Second edition, Volume 2, 1999).

Emilio C. Viano, America’s Prison System, in POLITIQUES PÉNITENTIAIRES ET DROITS DES DÉTENUS, 139(Peter Johan Paul Tak, Manon Jendly(ed), Wolf Legal Publishers, 2008).

UNITED STATES PAROLE COMMISSION, HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL PAROLE SYSTEM, 7(2013).