土壤物理因子對東方果實蠅蛹族群之影響

SOIL PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PUPAL POPULATION OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY, DACUS DORSALIS HENDEL

劉玉章(Yu-Chang Liu) ； 李燕光(Yen-Kuang Lee)

《中華昆蟲》 6卷1期 (1986/03) Pp. ii+15-30

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1986002

摘要

在14～30℃定溫下，東方果實蠅蛹期為9～14天。浸水、高土壤含水量及低溫皆能延長蛹期，高溫則能縮短蛹期。含水量增加不能終止蛹的滯育現象，但水能減弱低溫的致死效果。二日齡的蛹淹浸在水中72小時不會造成死亡率的增加，可知蛹對水的抗性甚高，但尚未完全進入蛹期的個體，即行浸水則會造成較高的死亡率。土壤黏粒的多寡也是影響死亡率的另一決定因子。東方果實蠅化蛹深度多集中在土表1～3公分間，土壤含水量可決定幼蟲選擇化蛹的深度，土壤愈乾燥化蛹之位置愈深。蛹在土中的朝向86%以上頭部向上及向側，向下的朝向會妨礙羽化的成蟲的鑽出，增加死亡率。以直線迴歸之X軸截距法求得在固定溫度下及網室變化溫度下東方果實蠅的發育臨界低溫為10.6及9.4℃。以最小差值法改良後寫成電腦程式，求得之發育臨界高溫及低溫為34.5C及9.7C。由臨界溫度可知在變化溫度下所求得者均較恆溫下為低，表示容忍範圍大；室內試驗結果蛹在變溫下較恆溫下發育為快。

並列摘要

The effects of temperature and soil water content on the pupae of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel. were studied in the laboratory and field. The emergence of adults from pupae was delayed due to submerge, high soil water content and low temperature; on the other hand, the pupal period was reduced at the high temperature. Submerge in water as long as 72 hours did not make any significantly increase on pupal mortality , on the contrary, the high soil water content can decrease the pupal mortality at low temperature. The vertical distribution of pupae in soil was between 1-3 cm from soil surface. More than 86% of pupae was upward and sideward in soil. The duration of pupal stage was between 9 days (at 30°C) and 41 days (at 14°C). According to the least variability method, the low developmental temperature threshold was 9.7°C and the high developmental temperature threshold was 34.5°C. By X-intercept method, the low developmental temperature threshold at constant temperature and fluctuating temperature was 10.6°C and 9.4°C, respectively. The population fluctation of this fly was studied and analyzed in Wufeng and Chunghsing New Village guava orchards throughout the studied year. By using multiple regression analysis, the population data in Wufeng orchard showed that there was an interaction between the numbers of pupae and adults, this might be due to that the orchard was isolated and the adults were not immigrants; however, the data in Chunghsing New Village showed that most of the adults immigrated from the neighbor host plants instead of emerged from pupae in the orchaml might be due to that the soil in Chunghsing New Village contained more clay and is not suitable for pupation.