從藥癮者的處遇與死亡危險因子檢視毒品危害防制條例

毒品對國民的危害不僅是影響社會安定與治安層面而已，對於國民的身心健康、死亡問題也有嚴重影響。處理毒品問題必須了解濫用毒品背後的本質，成癮現象經由數十年的科學證據、與諸多醫學實證，顯示成癮是一種慢性疾病，具有反覆復發的特性以及需要長期治療的病程，同時從生理併發症、心理併發症、自然死亡與非自然死亡等危險因子來看，也顯示成癮的醫療問題具有多面向以及複雜的特性。因此國際上處理毒品問題的趨勢，也從過去以刑罰為主的舊思維，逐漸轉變為醫療模式為主的作法，維護成癮個案的疾病治療權益。我國法規深受近代歷史鴉片禍國殃民的教訓，早期是以嚴厲的處罰手段來規範，是由社會安全和公共秩序的角度出發；近年逐漸理解成癮者的生理受到毒品影響，需要長期面對容易復發的問題，於是逐漸納入醫療的角度，以病患－犯人雙重角色的立法基準來型塑司法處遇模式，也令司法介入成為毒品使用者之戒癮動能。台灣正走在給予藥癮者醫療照顧與刑罰並行的路途中，雖然給予藥癮者完全醫療協助的進度仍然落後於全球主要已開發國家，只要我們能持之以恆的努力，相信台灣必能趕上世界先進國家的腳步，對於毒品使用者或成癮個案的醫療品質、健康維護達到更高的水準，進而促進社會的和諧與安樂。

關鍵字

藥癮；醫療；危險因子；毒品危害防制條例

並列摘要

The harm of addictive substances to the people is not only affecting social stability and public security, but also has a serious impact on the physical health, the mental health and the mortality of drug users. It is necessary to understand the nature behind drug abuse. Through decades of scientific evidence, it is showed that addiction is a chronic illness with recurring characteristics and a long-term course. The medical problem of addiction also has a multi-faceted and complex nature. Therefore, the international trend of dealing with drug problems has gradually changed from the punishment in the past to an evidence-based medical model which protecting the rights to health care. Taiwan's laws and regulations are deeply influenced in the lessons of opium's harm. In the early years, illicit drug users received severe punishments, which were based on the perspective of social security. Then the judicial treatment model is introduced under the basis of the patient-prisoner dual role in recent decade. Although the progress of providing illicit drug users with complete medical assistance is still behind the major developed countries in the world. As long as we make persistent efforts, the medical quality and health maintenance of drug users will have a good result.

並列關鍵字

drug addiction ； medical treatment ； risk factor ； Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act

國際替代計量

從藥癮者的處遇與死亡危險因子檢視毒品危害防制條例

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