以人類發展概念構思兩岸關係發展的新思維初探

兩岸關係是台灣與大陸長期互動的重要課題，然而受到歷史因素（國共內戰的延伸）與國際框架的左右，主權爭議一直是兩岸關係容易劍拔弩張的議題，其爭議顯現了兩岸的互信不足，但也極可能是一項虛假議題的論辨，而非兩岸前途的理性思考。由於兩岸同屬華夏文明，共同繼承悠久的歷史，能否跳出主權唯一、主權排他的舊思維，創造出一個新的和諧合作關係，本文借鑑聯合國在1990 年所揭櫫人類發展指標(Human Development Index, HDI)，關切全人類共同得面對的氣候變遷、水資源缺乏、貧窮問題、移民問題等納入年度關切的主題，上述問題都有超越國界藩籬，擱置主權爭議，需要各國攜手共同解決的重要性。而這樣摒除以往只重經濟發展而忽略人類生存意義與生活價值綜合發展的新思維，是兩岸在處理未來關係發展上，亟需學習而且值得落實的新思維。本文的重點欲以人類發展視角構思兩岸關係發展的新思維，貫串本文的核心概念有二，其一為人類發展概念的指涉及如何應用至處理兩岸關係；其二為主權概念的探討以及納入人類發展思維後的可能變化。本文指出「以人為本」與「團結合作」是人類發展議題的兩大精神，未來人類發展的趨向將朝向「分享」與「承擔」的方向來實踐。我們借鑑人類發展概念應用於兩岸關係的具體的作法是，兩岸應該追求「同一主權共享，建設責任共擔，發展利益共惠」的境界，在兩岸尚未充分整合之前，建議雙方相互尊重差異，彼此換位思考，不強求將自己的意志加諸於對方；在兩岸交流過程中，彼此虛心借鑑，擴大優勢互補。

關鍵字

人類發展；兩岸關係；主權

並列摘要

Cross-strait relations is an important issue for long-term interactions between Taiwan and Main-land China. However, due to the effects of historical factors (the extension of Chinese Civil War) and international frame structure, territorial disputes has been the tensest subject in cross-strait relations. The disputes have shown lack of trust between Taiwan and China. But it is also likely to be an argument for a fake subject, and not a rational thinking for the future of both sides of the straits. Due to the fact that both sides of the straits belong to culture of China, and commonly inherit long-standing history. Is it possible to think outside the old thinking of sole sovereignty and exclusive sovereignty, and create a new harmonic cooperative relationship? This article uses the Human Development Index, HDI, disclosed by United Nations in 1990, which includes subjects such as climate changes, water resources outage, poverty problems and immigration problems into yearly concerned topics as a reference. All the above mentioned topics bear the significance for all countries to work hand in hand, surpassing border barriers and setting aside sovereignty disputes. Such new thinking, which suspends focusing on economic growth only and ignoring meaning of human existence and comprehensive development for value of life, is the new thinking needed to learn and worth to implement for both sides of the straits to deal with the future development of relations. The focal point of this article is to outline a new thinking of the development of cross-strait relations from the perspective of human development. There are two core concepts in this article. One is the reference of human development concept, and how to apply to dealing with cross-strait relations. The other is the investigation of sovereignty concept, and possible changes after bringing in human development thinking. There are two main essences in the topic of human development, ＂people-oriented＂ and ＂cooperation＂, mentioned in this article. The trend of future human development will move towards ＂sharing＂ and ＂bearing＂. We use human development concept for reference and apply to cross-strait relations. The specific practice is, both sides of the straits should pursue the state that ＂same sovereignty sharing, construction responsibility bearing, and development benefit reciprocating＂. Before both sides of the straits are fully integrated, it is recommended to respect the differences between each other, put ourselves in each other’s shoes, and not to force our will on others. It is also recommended to modestly learn from each other and broaden complemented superiority in the process of cross-strait exchanges.