論美國少數族裔少女成長小說中的身份書寫

Writing on Identity of Ethnic American Initiation Novels of Girls

談鳳霞(Tan Fengxia)

《竹蜻蜓．兒少文學與文化》 4期 (2018/05) Pp. 13-65

https://doi.org/10.6738/bdclc.201805_(4).0001

摘要

美國少數族裔少女成長小說將階層地位、文化認同、性別權力、審美立場等多重矛盾交織一體，身份認同或主體建構是其核心問題。本文以當代華裔新秀作家郭珍芳的半自傳體小說《中國女孩耶魯夢》為主要個案，並與德裔作家貝蒂．史密斯的《布魯克林有棵樹》作平行比較，探討這類創作所表現的少女主人公成長的內涵、方式和意義。自我與他者的多種差異性元素之間存在對立、抗爭或雜合的關係，處於邊緣境地的少女主人公對階層、族裔、性別等困境的突圍與對自我價值的覺悟，能推動其主體身份的認知和建構。這類後殖民文化語境中的自我啟蒙式的身份書寫兼具族裔性魅力、女性主義特徵和普世性價值，在話語思想和敘事結構等方面呈現出類型化的創作範式，具有現實主義的求真力度，而如何超越通俗性和追求經典性是這類寫作要突破的瓶頸。

關鍵字

族裔 ； 成長小說 ； 文化 ； 性別 ； 身份

並列摘要

Ethnic American initiation novels with a girl heroine interweaves class status, cultural identity, gender power, aesthetic position and other contradictions, in which the core question is construction of identity and subjectivity. This paper focuses on a new Chinese American writer Guo Zhenfang's popular semi-autobiographical novel Girls in Translation with a parallel comparison to a generational novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Bertie Smith, a German American writer. The research aim is to explore the connotation, way and significance of the heroines' growth. There is a relationship including opposition, struggle or hybridity of different elements between self and 'the others'. The girls at the marginal position broke through the predicaments of class, ethnicity, gender and achieved the consciousness of self-worth, which promoted the recognition and construction of their subjectivity. The writing on identity is about self-enlightening in the context of post-colonial culture. It has special ethnic charm, feminist characteristics and universal values. Its ideological discourse and narrative structure have a typological paradigm with realistic strength of seeking truth. How to surpass the popularity and find ways towards classics is the bottleneck to break through in this kind of writing.

並列關鍵字

ethnic ； culture ； initiation novel ； gender ； identity