電動巴士模型在環與能耗估算

Model-in-the-Loop and Energy Consumption Calculation of Electric Buses

何政翰 ； 古昆隴 ； 徐榮弘

《機械工業雜誌》 481期 (2023/04) Pp. 87-95

摘要

本研究應用電腦輔助工程（CAE）軟體MotionView建立電動巴士動力學模型，量測懸吊與轉向系統硬點、零部件特性以及整車重量、慣量與重心等實車參數並匯入虛擬模型，車輛操控性之模擬與實測誤差僅2.58%，驗證巴士動力學模型具備高度準確性。巴士動力學模型轉換為1D降階模型，功能性模擬接口（FMI）具備互通性，串聯車輛、馬達和電池系統等模型以實現整車系統模擬。在全球統一輕型車輛測試程序（WLTP）條件下電動巴士能耗為每度電1.04公里，與實車錄製數據比對，模擬結果之電量狀態下降情況亦呈現高度吻合，證明車輛模型與整車能耗估算相當可靠。

關鍵字

電動巴士 ； 多體動力學 ； 系統模擬 ； 功能模型接口 ； 能耗

並列摘要

In this article, an electric bus dynamic model is created by computer-aided engineering(CAE) software: MotionView. Real vehicle parameters such as hardpoints of suspension and steering system, characteristics of chassis components as well as center of gravity, weight and inertia of vehicle are measured and imported into the virtual model. There is only a 2.58% difference of vehicle maneuverability between simulation and tests which verified high fidelity of the bus model. The bus multi-body dynamic model is converted into the 1D reduced order model. Vehicle, motor and battery system models are connected by a functional mock-up interface(FMI) which retains interoperability that the full-vehicle system simulation is able to accomplish. Energy consumption calculation of the electric bus is 0.93 kilometer per kilowatt-hour under the condition of Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). State of charge (SOC) declined consistently between simulation and raw data which proved high credibility of the vehicle model along with energy consumption estimation.

並列關鍵字

Electric bus ； Multi-body dynamics ； System simulation ； Funtional mock-up interface ； Energy consumption

參考文獻

ZF-Passau GmbH, “Installation Instructions for Bus Axles,” 50-52, 2006.

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Online Browsing Platform, “Heavy commercial vehicles and buses — Steady-state circular tests,” ISO 14792:2011.