輕量電動巴士結構設計及性能優化分析

近年來大客車傷亡事故層出不窮，車體結構安全逐漸受到重視；而為了降低能源於車輛上的消耗，使車體結構輕量化之設計目標已是目前車輛產業的發展趨勢。本研究以電動巴士之車體結構為研究對象，針對國內大客車結構設計方法之缺點，建立一套系統化之設計流程，以結構拓樸最佳化（Structural Topology Optimization）方法來了解巴士結構外型的設計概念，並搭配結構尺寸最佳化（Structural Sizing Optimization）方法對鋼樑尺寸進行優化，同時達到強度與剛性兩者的設計需求，並得到較輕量之車體結構。同時藉由台灣大學機械系─ AI自主駕駛x-by-wire EV開放平台設計及XiL驗證技術開發計畫的執行，將本研究提出之設計方法應用於其車體結構設計上，檢驗設計方法之可行性。另外針對車體結構安全，本研究模擬車輛碰撞行為進行分析與評估，並提供作為結構性能提升之改善依據。

關鍵字

有限元素；車體結構設計；結構分析；結構最佳化；側面撞擊；結構安全

並列摘要

In recent years, buses have caused countless accidents, and the safety of the body structure has gradually drawn attention. In order to reduce the consumption of energy on vehicle, lightweight design on the body structure is the development trend in the current vehicle industry. In this thesis, the body structure of electrical buses is studied. A systematic design process is established because of the shortcomings of design method in the domestic bus body factory. The structural topology optimization method is used to understand the design concept of the bus body structure. The structural sizing optimization method is used to design the parameters of the steel beam. Enabling the structural strength and rigidity to both meet the requirements, and obtain a lighter body structure. At the same time, the design method proposed in this thesis was applied to the body structure of the design of the x-by-wire EV open platform for AI autonomous driving R&D and XiL validation technique development by mechanical engineering department of National Taiwan University to verify its feasibility. In addition, this thesis simulates the vehicle collision behavior and evaluates the safety of the bus body structure. Providing a basis for the structural performance improvement.