德國羈押制度與人權保障之發展與比較

Development and comparison of German detention system and human rights protection

劉青峰(Liu, Ching-Feng)

《軍法專刊》 66卷3期 (2020/06) Pp. 48-79

摘要

本文主要以德國刑事訴訟法與羈押法發展沿革作為討論核心，說明其於各個重要時代之形成與影響。透過探求德國法上有關舊刑事訴訟法與舊羈押法之演變，如從糾問程序轉型為控訴，與各種羈押理由之興衰更迭等等。除藉由法律史之變遷，理解當代德國羈押法制度之基礎與各時期人權保障之重點外，另一方面，我國羈押法亦大量繼受德國法，其歷史發展軌跡與德國法類似。尤其，德國相關法制，自納粹德國以降之各次修法，我國同樣亦步亦趨。因此，我國法與德國法可謂是焦不離孟，孟不離焦。藉由與德國法之緊密連結，其歷史發展經驗與各種評論，除可作為比較我國羈押法體系結構、構成要件與法律效果之輔助，同時立法者於未來修正我國羈押法時，亦可借鑒。

關鍵字

刑事程序（Strafprozess） ； 糾問程序（Inquisitionsprozess） ； 控訴程序（Akkusationsprozess） ； 羈押要件（Haftvoraussetzungen） ； 羈押理由（Haftgründe）

並列摘要

This article focuses on the development of German criminal procedure law and detention law, and explains its formation and influence in various important eras. Through the exploration of the evolution of the old criminal procedure law and the old detention law in Germany, such as the transition from the inquisitorial Procedure to the accusatorial Procedure, and the rise and fall of various grounds for detention. So people can not only understand the changes of the legal history, but also have a better comprehension the foundation of the contemporary German detention law system; on the other hand, Taiwanese detention law is also legal reception to a large number of German law, and its historical development track is roughly consistent with German law. Particularly, the German legal system, from Nazi Germany to the various revisions of the law, the legal system of Taiwan also refers to amendment. Therefore, Taiwanese law and German law can be said to be inseparable. The detention law of Taiwan is tightly related to German law, whose historical development experience and various comments can be used as an aid to the structure, constituent elements and legal effects of the Taiwanese detention law. At the same time, the Taiwanese legislature can also refer to German detention law.

並列關鍵字

Criminal Procedure ； Inquisitorial Procedure ； Accusatorial Procedure ； Detention Requirements ； Grounds for Detention

參考文獻

Guzzardi v. Italy, 6.11.1980-7367/76, Rn. 92

Jarass, Charta der Grundrechte der Europaischen Union, Kommentar, 3. Aufl., 2016, Art. 6 Rn. 6

Meyer-Ladewig/Harrendorf /König , in: / / (Hrsg.), EMRK -Europaische Menschenrechtskonvention, Handkommentar, 4. Aufl., 2017, Art. 5 Rn. 8

Satzger, in: Satzger /Schluckebier/Widmaier (Hrsg.), Strafprozessordnung mit GVG und EMRK, Kommentar, 3. Aufl., 2018, Art. 5 EMRK Rn. 5.

Gaede, in: Kudlich/Schneider /Knauer (Hrsg.), Münchener Kommentar zur Strafprozessordnung, Bd.Ⅲ/2: GVG, EGGVG, EMRK, EGStPO, EGStGB, ZSHG, StrEG, JGG, G 10, AO, 2018, Art. 5 EMRK Rn. 4