我國敏感科技技術外流之防制及處罰機制

由於科技研發日新月異，當代國家間之競爭，已進展到產業與科技之角力，而人才及技術係科技產業之核心領域，科技人才及技術外流，除影響產業發展，一旦失去競爭力，影響層面更直達國家安全層級，如何保護國家之關鍵技術避免外流，已成為世界各國之重要課題。歐美先進國家在推動「敏感科技」等重要產業發展上，大抵訂定專法加以保護，並從國家安全視角，就相關之交易與投資行為，在投資審查上為更嚴格規制，以保護國家安全與利益。我國面臨中共的威脅遠較其他國家嚴重，其除透過合法取得外，更以非法手段竊取，本文統整歸納我國及美國等先進國家之管制作為，朝向關注外資審查，完善營業秘密之法律保護，強化經濟間諜防制等方向推動國家安全法制配套，補充現行法規之不足，並強化企業力量參與之作法，以供政府決策參考。

關鍵字

營業秘密法；投資審查；經濟間諜；高科技出口管制；情報蒐集；國家安全

並列摘要

Due to the rapid development of scientific and technological research and development, the competition between contemporary countries has progressed to the wrestling of industry and technology. Talent and technology are the core areas of the technology industry. The outflow of scientific and technological talents and technology will affect the development of the industry. Once the competitiveness is lost, the impact will be even greater. To reach the national security level, how to protect the country's key technologies from the outflow has become an important issue for all countries in the world. Advanced countries in Europe and the United States have probably formulated special laws to protect them in terms of promoting the development of sensitive technology and other important industries. From the perspective of national security, related transactions and investment activities are regulated more strictly in investment review to protect national security and interests. Our country is facing a far more serious threat from the CCP than other countries. In addition to obtaining it legally, it also steals it through illegal means. This article summarizes the control practices of my country and the United States and other advanced countries, focusing on foreign investment review and improving legal protection of business secrets. Strengthen the prevention and control of economic espionage and other directions to promote the national security legal system, supplement the deficiencies of the existing laws, and strengthen the practice of corporate power participation for government decision-making reference.