1979年高雄事件透露民主曙光－從相關檔案解讀當局心態、海外救援與後續影響

The 1979 Kaohsiung Incident at the Dawn of Democracy: Archival Studies of the Mindset of the Authorities, Overseas Aid and Consequent Effects

陳儀深(Yi-shen, Chen)

《高雄文獻》 9卷2期 (2019/12) Pp. 6-31

摘要

1970年代開始，黨外人士提出全面改選中央民意代表、解除戒嚴等訴求，進而集結於「美麗島雜誌社」的旗幟下，宛如「沒有黨名的黨」，挑戰國民黨當局的底線。1979年12月10日世界人權日大遊行爆發大規模的警民衝突，當局成立「一二一○專案」，將事件上綱為陰謀叛亂，展開大逮捕，隔年3月對八名主要被告軍法審判，另將33名被告移送司法審判，企圖透過逮捕、審判、監禁來打壓反對運動。期間發生林宅血案以及高俊明牧師「窩藏」施明德等案外案，更引起國際注目。過程中，司法行政部調查局檢送的〈1210專案偵訊工作指導綱要〉，把人犯分成共匪和臺獨兩類，謂追訊最終目的在「使共匪及臺獨分子在高雄暴亂事件中扮演之角色能夠明朗正確，而使本案之偵辦對公眾更具說服力」，即突顯黨國體制維護政權的「戒嚴心態」、對共匪和臺獨特別疑忌。然而，經由國際特赦組織及美國國會議員等等外界的關切、聲援，所形成的巨大壓力，影響當局處理本案的態度，包括量刑程度以及軍法審判的範圍縮小為八位，顯示戒嚴時期黨國體制與反對運動以及國際壓力（世界潮流）的複雜關係。儘管這個以「群眾運動挑戰戒嚴體制」的反抗模式，在1979年暫時遭到摧折，但捲起的反對能量，對日後自由化、民主化的過程，帶來相當程度的影響。

關鍵字

高雄（美麗島）事件 ； 軍法審判 ； 一二一○專案偵訊工作指導綱要 ； 施明德 ； 林義雄 ； 臺灣關係法

並列摘要

Since the 1970s, non-partisans, calling for comprehensive central-level re-election and lifting of Martial Law, gathered under the flag of the Formosa Magazine as ＂non-party＂ party, challenged the bottom line of the Kuomintang authorities. The outbreak of violence at the Human Rights Day rally on December 10, 1979, led to the ＂1210 Project,＂ by which the authorities claimed the incident as a treacherous conspiracy and launched mass arrests ensued by the military tribunals of the eight major defendants in March the following year and the judicial tribunals of the other thirty-three defendants. As arrests, trials and imprisonment were conducted in aims to suppress the opposition movements, related cases including the Lin Family Massacre and Reverend Kao Chun-ming ＂harboring＂ Shih Ming-teh drew more international attention. The ＂Guidelines on Interrogation for the 1210 Project,＂ set by the Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Judicial Administration, divided the criminals into two categories, namely communist bandits and Taiwan independence activists, asserted that the ultimate goal to interrogations was to ＂clearly address the role played by communist bandits and Taiwan independence activists and make the investigation of the case more persuasive to the public,＂ exposed the KMT party-state system's ＂martial law mindset＂ and deep anti-communist and anti-independence suspicions. However, the concern and support from the rest of the world, such as the Amnesty International and members of the United States Congress, generated immense pressure on the authorities and changed their attitude toward the case, including the criminal sentencing and reducing the number of defendants to eight tried in military tribunals, all pointing to the complicated relationship between the KMT party-state system, the opposition movement and international pressure by global trends during the martial law period. Despite the temporary frustration for the resistance pattern ＂using mass movements to challenge the martial law system＂ in 1979, the energy fueled by the Incident affected to a certain degree the nation's progress for political liberalization and democratization.

並列關鍵字

Kaohsiung (Formosa) Incident ； military tribunal ； Guidelines on Interrogation for the 1210 Project ； Shih Ming-teh ； Lin Yi-hsiung ； Taiwan Relations Act