由《高雄驛本家新築其他成工圖》認識高雄火車站

A Study of the 1937-1941 Built Kaohsiung Railway Station and the Old Blueprints

蔡侑樺(Yu-Hua Tsai)

《高雄文獻》 11卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 7-45

摘要

今日的高雄火車站奠基於1937年至1941年期間高雄驛的遷建，原本的高雄驛位於今哈瑪星地區、打狗鐵道故事館的北側。1930年代，高雄驛的上、下車旅客人次突破百萬人，原有站體不敷使用；又伴隨高雄市人口與市街區快速擴張，舊驛站不僅地理位置偏西、其腹地狹小亦無法滿足擴建需求。最遲至1935年已決定將新高雄驛遷建現址，於1937年12月15日舉行地鎮祭、1941年6月20日舉行竣工式，是帝冠式樣建築的代表建築之一。然而，為進行鐵路地下化工程，2002年僅保留車站「玄關」及「廣間」，並暫時拉牽至原址東南側。地下化工程完成之後，被保留下來的「玄關」及「廣間」於2021年重新被拉遷回原址前方，將作為新車站地下入口前的歷史導覽設施。為了解這座車站的建築價值，原藏於鐵道部及鐵路管理局的《高雄驛本家新築其他成工圖》，成為理解這座車站的重要史料之一。本文即透過盤點這些圖面，並根據圖說與現存的「玄關」、「廣間」作比較，討論車站的建築特質。經盤點整理後發現，現存的原有圖紙共有50枚，若計入戰後重繪的正立面圖暨剖面圖，則有51枚，含蓋基本的平面、立面、剖面、結構、水電、細部大樣等圖面。除可藉由圖面認識高雄火車站原有平面格局、立面計畫、建築構造之外；經與現況比對，可發現屋頂之屋瓦配置與圖面有部分差異，此差異現象，或許與臺、日兩地不同建築文化之相互交流有關。

關鍵字

高雄火車站 ； 帝冠式樣建築 ； 鐵道建築圖

並列摘要

The 1937-1941 built Kaohsiung Railway Station is one of a representative building of the Teikan (Imperial Crown) Style in Taiwan. However, in order to carry out the underground railway project, in 2002, the authority only retained the ＂carriage porch＂ and ＂entrance hall＂ of the station, and temporarily pulled it to the southeast side of the original site. After the completion of the underground project, the preserved station volume is relocated to the front of the original site in 2021, and will be used as historical guide facilities in front of the underground entrance of the new station. In order to understand the architectural value of this station, the old blueprints originally collected by the Ministry of Railways and the Railway Administration have become one of the important historical materials. This article discusses the architectural characteristics of the station by studying these drawings and comparing them with the existing buildings based on the drawings. After checking and sorting, it was found that there are 50 original blueprints in total. If included in the front elevation and section drawings redrawn in 1948, there are 51, covering basic planes, elevations, sections, structures, water and electricity, and the details. These drawings are enough to give a better understanding of the old Kaohsiung Railway Station. In addition, after comparing with the current building and the blueprints, it can be found that the roof tile configuration is partially different from the blueprint. This difference phenomenon, perhaps is related to the mutual exchange of different architectural cultures between Taiwan and Japan.

並列關鍵字

Kaohsiung Railway Station ； Teikan (Imperial Crown) Style ； Blueprints of Railway Stations