論上古音和初韵音

On The Phonology of Archaic and Ancient Chinese

周法高(CHOU FA-KAO)

《中國文化研究所學報》 3卷2期 (1970/09) Pp. 321-457

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.197009_3(2).0002

並列摘要

This article can be conveniently divided into two parts: Ancient Chinese -Ch'ieh- yün 切韵-phonology and Archaic Chinese phonology. In the section on Ancient Chinese phonology, some phonological terms are defined and the initials and the finals of Ch'ieh-yiün, especially the fan-ch'ieh doublets (重紐) are discussed. Additionally the materials in Hsüen-ying's Yi-ch'ieh-ching-yin-yi (玄應一切經音義) and Ku Yeh-wang's Yü-p'ien(顧野王玉篇) are used to show that the phonology as represented in these two books is in most parts similar to that of the Ch'ieh-yün, thus proving that the Chieh-yün phonology represents the reading pronounciation of the educated pcople around 600 A.D. In the section on Archaic Chinese phonology, it is suggested that three sets of initials in Ancient Chinese(1) t-(端), t'- (透), d- (定), n- (泥), (2) t-(知), t'- (徹), d-(澄), n- (娘), (3) tś- (照章), tś- (穿昌), dź (禪), ń- (日), were derived from initials *t-, *t'-, *d-, *n-, in Archaic Chinese under the following conditions: (1) t-, t'-, d-, n, ← *t-, *t'-, *d-, *n- before medial -e or zero medial; (2) *t-, *t'-, *d-, *n- ←*t-, *t'-, *d-, *n- , before medials -r and I;(3) ts-, ts'-, dż-, n-, *t-, *t'-, *d-, *n-, before medials -j or -ji. Those initial clusters which are fully discussed may be summarised as follows: (1) clusters with ＂I＂ as the second element: *pl-, *p'l-, *bl-, *ml-; *tl-, *t'l *dl-, *st'l *sl-; *kl-, *gl-, *ngl, *xl-, *γl-; (2) clusters with ＂r＂ as the second element, in most cases to be considered as *pr-, *p'r-, *br-, *mr-; *tr-, *t'r *dr-, *nr- *tsr- *ts'r-; *dzr-, *sr-; *kr-, *k'r-, *gr-, *ngr, *xr-, *γr-; (3) clusters with ＂s＂ as the first element: *st', *st'l-, *st'n-, *sl-, *sr-, *sn-, *sk-, *sng-