戰國早期玉器－中國古玉斷代研究之五

The Jade of the Early Warring States Period

楊建芳(Yeung Kin Fong)

《中國文化研究所學報》 19卷 (1988/01) Pp. 21-44

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.198801_19.0004

並列摘要

The jade articles of the Early Warring States Period discussed in the present paper are limited to those which were obtained from controlled excavations. They were unearthed from such Early Warring States Period tombs as M1316 and M2717 at Chung Chou Road in Luo Yang of Hê Nan 河南洛陽中州路, M1 at Shan Piao Chên in Chi County 汲縣山彪鎮, M1 at Liu Li Kê in Hui Country 輝縣琉璃閣, M1 at Hou Ku Tui in Ku Shih County 固始縣候古堆, M12, M14, M53 and M126 at Fên Shui Ling in Ch'ang Chih of Shan Hsi 山西長治分水嶺, M7 at Lu Hê in Lu Ch'eng County 潞城縣潞河, M3, M28 and M49 at Kao Chuang in Fêng Hsiang County of Shaan Hsi 陝西鳳翔縣高莊, the tomb of Marquis Yi of the Tsêng State at Sui County in Hu Pei 湖北隨縣曾侯乙墓, M471 at Yü T'ai Shan in Chiang Ling County 江陵縣雨台山, both M19 at Shan Wan 山灣 and M4 at Ts'ai P'o 蔡坡 in Hsiang Yang County 襄陽縣, M1 at Liu Ch'êng Ch'iao in Ch'ang Sha of Hu Nan 湖南長沙瀏城橋, M3 at Niu T'ou Shan in Ch'ing Chiang County of Chiang Hsi 江西清江牛頭山 and M1 at Pei Fu Shan in Luo Ting County of Kuang Tung 廣東羅定縣背夫山. In respect of species, shapes, designs and carvings, these articles still, on the one hand, retained pronounced features of Late Spring and Autumn Period and, on the other hand, had their obvious new elements. These new elements constituted what were the characteristics of the Early Warring States Period jade. In respect of species, convex plaque with two symmetrical beasts on both lateral edges, open-worked plaque in the form of two symmetrical dragons, jade double plaques, sword slide, miniature zoomorphic jade etc. made their first appearence. In respect of shapes, Type IIA and Type III dragon-shape pendant, arched plaque in open-work, ming mu 幎目 composed of jade beasts and jade birds, jade disc with phoenix on both lateral edges, exquisite jade tubes, mushroom-shaped pommels etc. were different in style from their counterparts of Late Spring and Autumn Period. In respect of designs, the true features of c-scrolls, comma spiral, long-tailed tadpole patterns, S-curve etc. which were degenerations of dragon patterns were difficult to be recognised because the upper and lower jaws, horns and ears of a dragon were too abstract and were independent of each other. In respect of carvings, the technique of semi-yang wên 陽文 was seldom seen in Spring and Autumn Period. It can thus be regarded as the characteristic of jade articles of the Early Warring States Period.