朝鮮漢語譯官與中朝文化交流網絡的構築：以李尚迪與阮堂《歲寒圖》的關係為研究中心

本文以朝鮮士大夫兼燕行使團成員金正喜（1786-1856）所創作的《歲寒圖》為研究個案，考察朝鮮譯官的語言能力、職責及個人志趣等因素如何形塑交流網絡，將朝鮮與中國士大夫或文人的交流主體與知識面向連結起來。金正喜對於學生譯官李尚迪（1803-1865）不嫌他地位低微，在他流放濟州時贈予中國書籍，大為感激。於是創製了《歲寒圖》，說明師生的關係，並送予李尚迪。李氏將圖帶到中國與友人分享，獲得熱烈回響，並延續《歲寒圖》的原作，成為了中朝之間的交流藝術品。全文以《歲寒圖》的創作與傳播過程為探討中心，說明此作的傳播關鍵不限於原作者金正喜的名氣，而是其學生李尚迪如何因應他們的社會地位、人際網絡與文化期盼等，主導了藝術品的鑑賞者以及他們的閱讀角度與取向。即使創作者與鑑賞者沒有直接對話，但作為中介的譯官及其所建構的網絡，形塑並建構了中朝之間文人相互認知的知識。研究結果描述了東亞知識傳播的具體過程，不但改寫中朝關係史的一些既有認識，也為文化交流史的理論在過去所缺乏的研究面向作出實例的說明。

關鍵字

中朝關係；金正喜；阮堂《歲寒圖》；李尚迪；朝鮮譯官；東亞網絡

並列摘要

This article aims to focus on Chosŏn intellectual Kim Chŏng-hŭi's (1786-1856) Sehando as a case study to examine how interpreters of Chosŏn shaped the network between China and Korea by their language ability, tributary duties, and personal interests. When Kim was exiled in Jeju, Kim's student Yi Sang-chŏk (1803-1865), who was an interpreter of Chosŏn, still gave Kim some books from China even though he was not in a significant position in the Chosŏn court. Kim appreciated having this kind of support from a student and, therefore, created Sehando as a gift to repay Yi for the help and support. When Yi received Sehando, he shared the painting with his Chinese friends and the responses of the Chinese literati were inscribed on the original work. The creation and dissemination of Sehando will be investigated in this article in order to explain how the social status, interpersonal network, and cultural expectation of Chosŏn interpreters dominated the perspective and attitude of the readership. Although the creator (Kim Chŏng-hŭi) and the readership (Chinese literati) may not have an opportunity for dialogue, interpreters and their network shaped the understanding of each other. The research findings, which reveal the specific process of the dissemination of knowledge in East Asia, not only rewrite the Sino-Korean history, but also offer specific examples to theories of cultural interaction in East Asia.

並列關鍵字

Sino-Korean relations ； Kim Chŏng-hŭi ； Wandang Sehando ； Yi Sang-chŏk ； interpreters of Chosŏn ； network in East Asia

參考文獻

李宜顯：《陶谷集》，收入民族文化推進會（編）：《韓國文集叢刊》（漢城：民族文化推進會，1998 年），第181 冊，卷三十〈壬子燕行雜識〉，頁三六下。

Google Scholar

Login Lok-yin Law, “Kim Wŏnhaeng’s Intellectual Influences on Hong Tae-yong: The Case of Relations between Nakhak and Pukhak,” Intenrational Journal of Korean History 20, no. 2 (2015), pp. 125–52。