偉人建構與傳記電影：1980年代兩岸孫文形象之再現

Constructing the Image of the Great Man in Biographical Films: Representations of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen in Taiwan and Mainland China in the 1980s

倪炎元(Yen-Yuan NI)

《傳播與社會學刊》 55期 (2021/01) Pp. 127-161

https://doi.org/10.30180/CS.202101_(55).0006

摘要

本研究嘗試透過1986年海峽兩岸所同步拍攝的孫文傳記電影中，所再現的英雄或偉人形象進行對比探討。「孫文」形象的建構一直是兩岸官方論述的主要成份之一，台灣的國民黨尊稱其為「國父」，共產黨則譽之為「偉大的革命先行者」，儘管孫文在雙方官方論述中的歷史定位與角色並不相同，但都被視為是政權正當性的來源之一。然而隨著兩岸情勢與意識型態的變遷，孫文在兩岸影視作品中的形象亦出現變化，本研究所選擇的範例，是兩岸影界適逢1987年孫文誕辰一百二十年之際，在1986年同步選擇以孫文傳記為題材所拍攝的電影。1986年的兩岸尚未擺脫彼此對立狀態，國民黨與共產黨的官方意識型態依舊主導著對「孫文」的定義，因而透過對這兩部電影文本的解讀，可以完整呈現當時兩岸的官方論述，是如何主導孫文形象的再現，兩部孫文的傳記電影又是以何種敘事策略與論述組合，去建構孫文的生平與故事，兩岸的官方意識型態與官方史觀又是如何穿透在整部電影中等。

關鍵字

孫文 ； 傳記電影 ； 敘事

並列摘要

This study compares images of the hero or great man in parallel ＂cross-strait＂ biographical films about Dr. Sun Yat-Sen produced in 1986. The construction of the image of Dr. Sun has long been a main element in the official discourses of Taiwan and Mainland China. The KMT of Taiwan conferred the title ＂Father of the Nation＂ on Dr. Sun, and the Communist Party honored him as a great revolutionary forerunner. Regardless of his historical position and role in the official discourse, Dr. Sun is considered a source of political legitimacy. However, due to changes in cross-strait relations and ideology, the image of Dr. Sun has been transformed in films produced on each side of the Strait. The 1987 debut of a cross-strait film coincided with the 120th anniversary of Dr. Sun's birth. This biographical film about Dr. Sun's life was filmed in 1986 when the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait were still hostile. The official ideologies of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party colored the portrayals of Dr. Sun. Our textual interpretations of these two films demonstrate that the official discourses of the time determined the representations of Dr. Sun, as well as the narrative strategies and expositions used to construct his image and biography. The official ideologies and historical perspectives on either side of the Taiwan Strait affected the images of Dr. Sun in the film.

並列關鍵字

Dr. Sun Yat-Sen ； biographical films ； narrative

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