The aim of civil aviation legal institutions is to safeguard the right of country's aerial domain. It not only guarantees aviation activities to carry out safely and orderly around the world, but also preserves the legal rights and interests of the industry. As a member of the world, the civil aviation law is so important for our country which is the criterion to interact with other countries. This study sketches the history of civil aviation development as well as the evolution of the civil aviation law. Further more, it introduces the fundamental frame of civil aviation legal institutions from definition, characteristic and system of the civil aviation law. At last, the study presents the picture of civil aviation legal institutions.