從戰術面向探討美國「空海一體戰」的具體作為

From tactical's vision to study U.S ＂AirSea Battle＂ the specific

宋吉峰

《海軍學術雙月刊》 47卷1期 (2013/02) Pp. 48-66

https://doi.org/10.6237/NPJ.201302_47(1).0004

摘要

一、2009年9月，美國空軍參謀長諾頓．施瓦茨上將和美國海軍作戰部長加里．拉夫黑德上將簽署了一份機密性備忘錄，要透過空軍、海軍的共同努力開發出一種新的作戰概念，即「空海一體戰」。二、參謀長聯席會議主席，海軍上將邁克．馬倫認為這個新概念是「我們打破軍種之間、聯邦部門之間和國家之間自上而下機構模式的榜樣」。他還認為，這還需要各軍種「跟上更加扁平化、更快和合作更緊密的世界發展」。國防部長羅伯特．蓋茨把這個概念稱作軍隊面對未來所需要的「更加創新的戰略和聯合方法」。三、美軍高度重視F-22、F-35等第五代戰鬥機在「空海一體戰」中的作用，包括在戰爭初期實施防空作戰，阻滯對方空襲，奪取局部空中優勢；在後續軍事行動中奪取並維持戰區制空權；為己方的ISR飛機、反潛機、加油機等支援保障飛機提供安全保護；參加海上封鎖行動，對共軍的水面艦艇實施打擊；必要時憑藉隱身和高機動性優勢，滲透突防並打擊中共大陸境內的重要目標；以及攜帶「網路中心機載防禦單元」實施助推段彈道導彈攔截等。四、隨著經濟實力的增長和國際地位的提高，中共必將建立起一支強大的遠洋艦隊，成為繼前蘇聯海軍之後美國海軍在公海上新的強大對手。因此，「空海一體戰」理論特別強調恢復對反潛戰/反水面作戰(ASW/ASuW)能力的重視，期在戰時阻止共軍水面艦艇進入東海和南海海域，同時盡可能將其潛艇部隊封堵在第一島鏈內，使之無法在A2/AD作戰中發揮應有作用。五、強大的情報、監視與偵察體系是及時偵知、識別、定位、追蹤美國航空母艦作戰編隊的保證，所以美軍透過攻擊偵察衛星、岸基超視距雷達等手段，都將極大地削弱反艦彈道導彈的數量優勢，這種「致盲」作戰也可以為美軍軍事基地受到首波攻擊破壞之後的修復和調整贏得時間，為迅速反擊創造條件。

關鍵字

空海一體戰 ； 遠端打擊 ； 反介入 ； 致盲

並列摘要

1. 2009 In September, the Air Force Chief of Staff Norton Schwartz．U.S. Navy Admiral and chief of operations Gary Roughead will．have signed a memorandum of confidentiality, through the Air Force, the Navy's efforts to develop a new operational concept, now known as the ＂AirSea battle.＂ 2. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Mike Mullen．that the new concept is ＂We break between the military services, federal departments and state agencies between the top-down model of the example.＂ He also believes that this also requires the military services ＂to keep up with even more flat, faster and closer cooperation in world development.＂ Defense Secretary Robert Gates．concept called the army to face the future needs of the ＂more innovative strategies and joint approach.＂ 3. U.S. attaches great importance to F-22, F-35 fighter Five rankings in the ＂AirSea battle＂ in the role, including the implementation of air defense early in the war, blocking the other air strikes to win local air superiority; in the follow-up military operations seize and maintain air superiority over the theater; to one's ISR aircraft, antisubmarine aircraft, tanker aircraft and other support to provide security protection; to participate in maritime interdiction operations, the implementation of the PLA's combat surface ships; necessary, with advantages of stealth and high mobility, penetration penetration and to combat the important goals in mainland China; and carry ＂Network Center of airborne defense element,＂ the implementation of the boost phase interception of ballistic missiles. 4. With the growth of economic strength and international status of the increase, China will establish a strong oceangoing fleet, becoming the U.S. Navy after the former Soviet Union Navy on the high seas powerful new rivals. Therefore, the ＂empty the sea one of the war＂ theory of recovery with particular emphasis on anti-submarine warfare/anti-surface warfare (ASW/ASuW) capacity of the attention to surface ships during the war to stop the PLA into the East China Sea and South China Sea as far as possible closure of its submarine force In the first island chain, so that the operations can not play its due role A2/AD. 5. Powerful intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance system is the timely detection, identification, location, tracking U.S. aircraft carrier battle formation of the guarantee. Therefore, by attacking the U.S. military reconnaissance satellites, shore-horizon radar and other means, will greatly weaken the amount of anti-ship ballistic advantage. This ＂blind＂ operation can also be the first wave of attacks on U.S. military bases after the destruction of the repair and adjustment of gain time, to create conditions for a quick counterattack.

並列關鍵字

AirSea battle ； long range strike ； anti-access ； lead blinding