社區特質與鄉村發展政策資源分配的關聯：以《農村再生計畫》為例

How does the Allocation of Governmental Resources for Rural Development Policies Associate with Local Socioeconomic Attributes? A Study of Communities Participating in the ＂Rural Regeneration Programme＂

郭蕙如(Hui-Ju Kuo) ； 鍾怡婷(Yi-Ting Chung)

《台灣鄉村研究》 16期 (2021/12) Pp. 47-85

摘要

本研究透過官方資料檢視台灣農村取得《農村再生計畫（2011－2018）》政策資源的整體樣貌與空間分布變異情形，另藉由串聯「橫斷面」的公務統計探索社區特質、連結「貫時性」資料探討長期參與鄉村發展計畫之經歷遺緒的可能影響。研究結果發現，官方界定的農村中約二成為「農再社區」，並有近三成的農村正接受培根課程。空間分布上，「農再社區」主要集中在北部及中部山區、南部山區及平原、以及花東地區，資源分配顯著地集中在某些特定、相互鄰近的地區。相較於未參與計畫的農村，「農再社區」人口稀少甚至萎縮、老化程度高、以男性為多，且大專以上教育程度比例較低；在農業特質上，從事農漁牧業的比例高，農牧戶可耕作地面積較大、非自有的比例略高、收入高，經營觀光休閒農業的比例較多，較可能不是屬於「小農」特質的典型農村。此外，「農再社區」獲補助的計畫件數也與其人口組成及農業結構特徵等社區特質相關，長期參與鄉村發展計畫的經歷遺緒更是對農村參與《農村再生計畫》有不容小覷的影響。

關鍵字

農村社區 ； 農村再生計畫 ； 空間分布 ； 社區特質 ； 鄉村發展

並列摘要

This study analyses the Rural Regeneration Programme (RRP) database and examines the processes that rural communities undergo to participate in this Programme, as well as the spatial variation that such governmental resources are allocated in Taiwan. In addition to identifying community characteristics by cross-sectionally linking the Programme database to official statistical datasets, we construct a longitudinal measure to find possible impacts from previous involvements in related rural development programs as the long-term focus. The results reveal that about 20% of the officially defined rural villages have become RRP communities and that nearly 30% were receiving training courses. In terms of the spatial distribution, RRP communities are primarily located in the northern and central mountain areas, the southern mountains and plains, and the Hualien and Taitung regions. Such resource allocation clusters significantly in specific and their adjacent areas. Compared to non- RRP villages, moreover, RRP communities tend to have a smaller, shrinking, and aging population. They tend to have more male residents but fewer college graduates. In terms of farming characteristics, RRP communities have more households engaging in the agricultural sector; however, they are less likely to be typical small-scale farming villages because farm operators in RRP communities generally work on larger farms and have higher income, plus more of them are tenant operators and more of them partake in agri-tourism and recreational services. Our results also indicate that the number of subsidized RRP projects are linked to the communities' demographic and agristructural characteristics, and more importantly, to each community's reception of past rural development programs.

並列關鍵字

rural communities ； Rural Regeneration Programme ； spatial distribution ； community characteristics ； rural development