In the present revision of pleuronectid fishes found in the waters around Taiwan, ten species belonging to three subfamilies and seven genera, in which one new species and two new records have been recognized, namely, Eopsetta grigorjewi, Pleuronichthys cornutus, Poecilopsetta plinthus, P. praelonga, P. natalensis, P. megalepis, Samaris cristatus, Samariscus latus, S. filipectoralis n. sp. and Plagiopsetta glossa. A key to subfamilies, genera, and species, diagnosis, descriptions, remarks and figures of each species are presented.