福州方言的聲調系統和變韻

ON THE TONEMIC SYSTEM AND BIANYUN IN THE FUZHOU DIALECT

平山久雄(Hirayama Hisao)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series》 24期 (2010/12) Pp. 58-67

摘要

本文對福州方言的「變韻」現象從音位論的觀點來進行分析。作者把福州方言的聲調調位分為非緊喉與緊喉二類，並認為緊喉本來是為把低降調從高降調區別所需的發音特徴，而福州方言的變韻應該是調位的緊喉特徴使元音的舌位靠低、靠後的結果。變韻可分為語音性變韻和音位性變韻，變韻在前者不過是一個音位韻母的語音變異，而在後者已經發展為與「本韻」不同的音位韻母了。變韻一旦發展為音位性變韻以後，儘管聲調調值演變為高音，喪失緊喉特徴，也會作為一種形態音位規則保留下来，有些閩東北片方言的變韻便是其例。最後，作者對把變韻視為一種詞匯擴散現象的看法加以評論。

關鍵字

福州方言 ； 變韻 ； 緊喉 ； 音位解釋

並列摘要

This article is an analysis, from the phonemic point of view, of vowel alternation that occurs in bianyun in the Fuzhou Dialect. The author divides the tonemes of the dialect into the glottalized and unglottalized groups, and considers that the glottalization, originally being a device to distinguish the lower falling tones from the higher, has caused the vowels to become lower or to the back, thus resulting in the bianyun. He divides the bianyun into the phonetic bianyun and the phonemic bianyun, the former being only phonetic variations of vowels, while the latter having already evolved to morpho-phonemic alternations. The phonemic bianyun will be maintained even after the glottalized tonemes lose their glottalization and change to high tones. The bianyun in some Northern Mindong dialects would be an example. Finally, the author offers some critical remarks on the opinion that would treat bianyun as a case of lexical diffusion.

並列關鍵字

Fuzhou dialect ； Bianyun ； Glottalization ； Phonemic interpretation