- 期刊
「严、凡」开合分韵后例外字的分析
THE ANALYSIS OF THE EXCEPTIONAL CASES AFTER YAN 严 AND FAN 凡 RHYME SETS SEPARATED IN MIDDLE CHINESE
摘要
本文針對中古嚴、凡兩個韻組是否同出一源的問題，指出其關鍵在於似乎違反互補分布原則的少數字音其實是一種異質成分。筆者從結構分析和歷史重構兩個角度，勘驗中古韻書的語料，得到以下的結論：嚴、凡兩個韻組在聲母上原本是以唇音為條件互相補充分布的。少數的異質成分經過分析之後，得知是凡韻組在中古之前混入了上古方音和單字雜合音。這些字音出現在舌、牙、喉音，有的是聯綿詞拆解後的單音節字音，有的是侵部個別字的異常演變，有的是後增小韻，都不能列入重建上古音的基本成分。至於版本系統中王韻的嚴韻上聲字來自早期傳本的琰韻，去聲字由早期傳本的梵韻，那是屬於一種偶然空缺(accidental gap)的填補現象，雖然在填補的過程中有一些離散式音變的跡象，但是還不至於干擾到音韻系統中嚴、凡韻組的重構規律。
並列摘要
The purpose of this paper is to solve an unsettled question on the few unusual rhyme words in the proto-form of Yan 嚴 and Fan 凡 rhyme sets. The few words can not be taken as a proof of violating the principle of the complimentary distribution because they come from the different sources. In the view point of the structural analysis and reconstruction rule, I study the Qie-yun 切韵 rhyme books and reach my conclusion. The rhyme sets of Yan 嚴 and Fan 凡 would be complimentary perfectly on labials if the Fan 凡 rhyme set were not mixed with dialectal words and elusive words from Archaic to Middle Chinese. It would be better to say that the few words on dentals and gutturals are very sporadic and should be treated as exceptional cases. These exceptional cases, though very complicated, may be summed up that they result from the two-syllable words, the abnormal dialectal words from Qin rhyme-base 侵部, and the new rhyme words misplaced in the rhyme book. They should be removed in the reconstructed process of Yan 嚴 and Fan 凡 rhyme sets. In some versions of Qie-yun 切韵, like Wang Ren-xu 王仁昫 rhyme book, its Shang-sheng 上聲 words of Yan 嚴 are diffused from another Yan 琰 and its Qu-sheng 去聲 words of Yan 嚴 are diffused from another Fan 梵. Those words drifting into the accidental gap of Yan 嚴 rhyme set will not interfere with the reconstruction rule of Yan 嚴 and Fan 凡 rhyme sets.
延伸閱讀
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