越南語中漢語借詞來母字讀s-探源

ORIGIN EVALUATION ON LAI (來) INITIAL WORDS PRONOUNCED AS S- IN SINO-VIETNAMESE

江佳璐(Chia-lu Chiang)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 42卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 330-350

摘要

越南語中的漢語借詞，是構擬漢語音韻史的重要線索之一。其中，部分來母字聲母讀成s-的現象，經常用來作為上古漢語複輔音的佐證。本文從語言接觸的角度，結合越南語和漢語各自的音韻演變歷史，重新探討漢語來母字在越南語聲母讀成s-的原因。經由南亞語同源詞的檢驗，以及音韻層次的分析，發現這些例證的來源及成因並非完全相同。除了包括早期和近代的移借，有些例證也可能不是漢語借詞，不應該用來構擬古漢語。越南語中漢語借詞來母字讀s-的原因可能不只一種，除了上古漢語的移藉以外，還可能與近代南方漢語方言的接觸有關。

關鍵字

漢語借詞 ； 越南漢字音 ； 來母字 ； 上古漢語 ； 語言接觸

並列摘要

Sino-Vietnamese is one of the important sources for reconstructing Chinese phonological history. The phenomenon of some lai (來) initial words pronounced as s- in Sino-Vietnamese is often considered as the evidence of consonant clusters in Old Chinese. This study reanalyzed the Lai initial words pronounced as s- in Sino-Vietnamese according to the phonological histories of both Chinese and Vietnamese, from the aspect of language contact. Examination on Austro-Asiatic cognates and analysis of phonological strata were proposed in order to check the validity of their origin. It is found that not all of these s- lai initial words are from the same origin but from multiple sources. Some of them were borrowed from Old Chinese. Some of them were borrowed from late southern Chinese dialects. And some of them are not from Chinese origin and cannot be considered as the evidence for reconstructing Old Chinese.

並列關鍵字

Chinese loanwords ； Sino-Vietnamese ； lai initial ； Old Chinese ； Language contact