THE ACQUISITION OF RESULTATIVE VERB COMPOUNDS IN MANDARIN CHINESE

汉语普通话动补复合动词的习得

邓湘君(Xiangjun Deng)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 47卷1期 (2019/01) Pp. 42-81

摘要

Resultative verb compounds (RVCs) in Mandarin appear in a V1-V2 sequence and have three major subtypes-result-state, directional and completive RVCs with different degrees of compositionality depending on the extent to which the compound’s meaning can be derived from the meanings of the component verbs. The derivation of the RVC has been analyzed as a lexical or syntactic process. Previous acquisition studies show that the RVC's compositionality and event structure are not fully acquired before the age of three. Findings conflict on whether the acquisition process revealed by early RVCs is usage-based or rule-based. We examined longitudinal data from two Mandarin-speaking children and administered a novel verb experiment on 32 children. The lexicalist approach to RVC formation is a better account for our data than the syntactic approach. Our data lend support to rule-based learning of RVCs. Children master the event structure of RVCs and its interaction with aspect gradually. The headedness of the RVC in relation to event structure depends WASOW, Thomas. 1977. Transformations and the lexicon. In Formal is more salient than V2 for the directional RVC.

關鍵字

Acquisition ； Resultative verb compound ； Compositionality ； Event structure ； Rule-based learning ； Aspectual head

並列摘要

汉语普通话中的动补复合动词以V1-V2（动词1-动词2）的形式出现，包括结果状态、趋向和结束动补复合动词这三个主要类别。关于这些复合词的词义是否能够直接从V1和V2的意义推衍出来，三类动补复合动词存在程度上的差别，即在组合性上存在差别。关于动补复合动词的形成，有分析认为它们是句法生成的，也有分析认为它们是词汇规则生成的。以往的习得研究显示，普通话儿童3岁前未完全掌握动补复合动词的组合性和事件结构。早期的动补复合动词是基于规则习得的还是基于使用习得的尚无定论。我们跟踪调查了两名普通话幼儿，并对32名儿童进行了假词实验。我们的发现支持动补复合动词是词汇规则生成的而不是句法生成的，并支持基于规则的习得这一理论假设。儿童是逐步掌握动补复合动词的事件结构以及事件结构与体貌的互动的。动补复合动词事件结构的核心由它们的类别决定：结果状态动补复合动词的V2比V1更显著；而趋向动补复合动词的V1比V2更显著。

並列關鍵字

习得 ； 动补复合动词 ； 组合性 ； 事件结构 ； 基于规则的习得 ； 事件结构的核心