近世初期日本禪僧南浦文之（1554－1620）詩文集中的東亞圖像與個人生活

The East Asian Imagery and Life in the Collected Poetry of the Early Modern Japanese Zen Monk Nanpo Bunshi (1554-1620)

邱怡瑄(CHIU, Yi-hsuan)

《佛光學報》 新7卷2期 (2021/07) Pp. 191-228

摘要

南浦文之（1554－1620）為桂庵玄樹（1427－1508）四傳弟子，曾從一翁玄心（1507－1592）兼學儒、禪，又向渡來人黃友賢（1538－1610）習《周易》與諸經，精通章句訓詁，被視為薩南學派健將。身為臨濟宗的禪僧與學問僧，學界對文之「學問僧」身分映現的思想意義多所關注，但較少觸及他身為「禪僧」的生活面向。以學問僧角度觀之，南浦文之在訓點中展現以宋學新注說法為據的思想傾向，與其強調儒禪一致、重視修為教化等思想特徵，皆表現禪僧儒學與薩南學派的學術特色。其於慶長薩琉戰爭中，展現綜理外交文書、往來斡旋諸國勢力的才能，亦體現學問僧因掌握「佛學」及「漢文」兩種學問載體與思想中介，故能於東亞交流史中扮演關鍵角色。在前人研究基礎上，本文以日本國會圖書館藏寬永二年（1625）古活字本《南浦文集》、日本宮內廳書陵部所藏慶安二年（1649）中野道伴刊《南浦文集》等刊本，搭配鹿兒島大學玉里文庫藏《南浦文集》、《南浦棹歌》、《南浦戲言》諸鈔本文獻，相互補正考訂。從不同文集版本收錄文獻之差異，正可補充南浦文之身處世情與修行間，其公私之間的生命閱歷與思想風貌。大抵而言，刊本系統的《南浦文集》，更集中展現他出仕任官、綜理文書、商討儒學的公務面向，此亦當前學界對南浦文之形象的主要認知。鈔本系統則更集中表現文之對修行生活、歸隱山林的懷念嚮往。透過不同版本的文集文獻之整理，可更清楚勾勒南浦文之個人的思想面貌，亦對近世江戶學術史中，僧侶掌握的文化中介角色，以及其對於修行的自我定位，有更進一步的認識與探討。

關鍵字

南浦文之 ； 薩南學派 ； 江戶學術 ； 學問僧 ； 薩摩

並列摘要

Nanpo Bunshi 南浦文之 (1554-1620) was a fourth-generation disciple of Keian Genju 桂庵玄樹 (1427-1508), who studied Confucianism and Zen Buddhism under Ichiō Genshin 一翁玄心 (1507-1592). Further, he studied the Book of Changes and other classics under Kō Yūken 黃友賢, an immigrant from China. His mastery of textual research made him an iconic figure of the Satsunan 薩南 school. Scholars tend to focus on Nanpo's identity as a scholar-monk (gakumonsō) in the Rinzai lineage of Zen Buddhism. However, his life as a Zen monk has received surprisingly little scholarly attention. As a scholar-monk, Nanpo's kunten annotations of Chinese texts demonstrate intellectual influences from the Neo-Confucian new exegetical tradition. This, along with his emphasis on the unity of Zen and Confucianism and his stress on the concept of practice as a form of teaching are intellectual hallmarks of Zen-Confucianism and the Satsunan School. In addition, his article on the introduction of the matchlock gun (hinawajū) into Japan, as well as his proficiency in diplomacy and mediation during the invasion of Ryūkyū by the domain of Satsuma, epitomized scholar-monks who occupied a pivotal role in East Asian exchange history for they mastered two knowledge carriers and ideological interfaces: Buddhism and Chinese language. Relying on the foundations of previous scholarship, this study undertakes a comparative analysis of the different editions of the Nanpo Anthology, along with related literature such as Songs of Boatmen and Witty Stories. The analysis reveals critical distinctions among these different editions, which in turn enhance our understanding of Nanpo's life experiences amid worldly engagement and transcendental practice. Generally speaking, the printed edition of the Nanpo Anthology focuses on his official career, literary work, and discussions on Confucianism, representing the dominant image of Nanpo held among scholars today. By contrast, the handwritten manuscript edition highlights his wistful yearning for religious practice. By collating and analyzing the literature from the Nanpo Anthology, this study not only brings forth the contours of Nanpo's thought, but also contributes to modern Edo studies by further exploring the Buddhist clergy's role as cultural intermediaries and their self-identification asreligious practitioners.

並列關鍵字

Nanpo Bunshi ； Satsunan School ； Edo studies ； scholar-monk ； Satsuma domain

參考文獻

《西征日記》，天荊，《続々群書類從》冊 3，国書刊行国編，東京：続群書類從完成会，1970。

《明史》，清‧張廷玉等奉敕編，北京：中華書局，1974。

《明琳朝鮮役從軍日記》，是琢明琳，《佐賀県史料集成》，佐賀：佐賀県立圖書館，佐賀県史編纂委員會編，1960。

《南浦文集》，南浦文之，東京：日本宮內廳書陵部藏，慶安二年〔1649〕中野道伴刊行本，簡稱《南浦文集》（慶安本）。

《南浦文集》，南浦文之，東京：日本國立國會圖書館書藏，寬永二年〔1625〕古活字本，簡稱《南浦文集》（寬永本）。